Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Growth and Development > Chapter Three: Infancy > Flashcards

Chapter Three: Infancy Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal Monitor

A

A device that measures the baby’s heartbeat during labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Episiotomy

A

An incision sometimes made to increase the size of the opening of the vagina to allow the baby to pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dilate

A

Make or become wiser, larger, or more open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Oxytocin

A

A hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Any of a group of cyclic fatty acid compounds with varying hormone like effects, notable the promotion of uterine contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cervix

A

The narrow neck-like passage forming the lower end of the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Braxton-Hicks Contractions

A

Intermittent weak contractions of the uterus occurring during pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Term Baby

A

Born anytime from 37 weeks to 42 weeks, a few weeks before or after the calculated due date

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bayley Scales of Infant Development: 1 Month

A

Mental Scale: the infant quiets when picked up

Motor Scale: the infant makes a postural adjustment when put to examiner’s shoulders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bayley Scales of Infant Development: 2 Months

A

Mental Scale: when examiner presents two objects (bell and rattle) above the Infant in a crib, the Infant glances back and forth from one to another
Motor Scale: the Infant holds holds his or her head steady when being carried about in a vertical position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bayley Scales of Infant Development: 5 Months

A

Mental Scale: the infant is observed to transfer an object from one hand to the other during play
Motor Scale: when seated at a feeding-type table and presented with a sugar pill that is out of reach, the Infant attempts to pick it up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bayley Scales of Infant Development: 8 Months

A

Mental Scale: when an object in plain view of the Infant is covered by a cup, the Infant removes the cup to retrieve the object
Motor Scale: the Infant raises herself or himself into a sitting position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bayley Scales of Infant Development: 12 Months

A

Mental Scale: the Infant imitates words that are spoken by the examiner
Motor Scale: when requested by the examiner, the Infant stands up from a position in which she or her had been lying on her or his back on the floor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bayley Scales of Infant Development: 14-16 Months

A

Mental Scale: the Infant builds a tower with two cubes after the examiner demonstrates the behavior
Motor Scale: the Infant walks alone with good coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Baby Blues

A

Maternal depression
About 4 in 5 mothers
Symptoms:
Feeling let down; crying for no apparent reason; impatience, irritability, restlessness, anxiety
Occurs in first weeks and disappears on its own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Postpartum Depression (PPD)

A

Maternal Depression
About 1 in 5 mothers
Symptoms: frequent sadness, crying helplessness, thoughts of suicide, anxiety, panic, feelings of inadequacy, quilt, shame; changes in appetite; insomnia or hypersomnia, fatigue; lack of feeling for baby or excessive concern for baby; irritability; difficulty concentrating; frightening feelings, thoughts, images, loss of interest in sex
Occurs within days of delivery or gradually during the first year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Postpartum Psychosis

A

Maternal depression
About 1 in 1,000 mothers
Symptoms: hallucinations; severe insomnia; agitation; bizarre feelings or behavior
Occurs within a few weeks after delivery; an emergency that requires help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neonates

A

The term used for newborn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cesarean Section

A

A birth in which the baby is surgically removed from the uterus, rather than traveling through the birth canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Anoxia

A

A restriction of oxygen to the baby, lasting a few minutes during the birth process, which can produce cognitive defects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Preterm Infants

A

Infants who are born prior to 38 weeks after conception (also known as premature infants)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bonding

A

Close physical and emotional contact between parent and child during the period immediately following birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Apgar Scale

A

A standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns (see chart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)

A 
Used to measure neonates’ reflexes and other behavior patterns
Motor behavior
Response to stress
Adaptive behavior
Control over physiological state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Reflexes
Simple, automatic, stereotypical responses elicited by certain types of stimulation
26
Visual Impairment
A difficulty in seeing that may include blindness or partial sightedness
27
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep
The period of sleep that is found in older children and adults and is associated with dreaming
28
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
The unexplained death of a seemingly heathy baby
29
Midwife
A person trained to assist women in childbirth
30
Anesthetic
A substance that induces insensitivity to pain
31
General Anesthesia
Anesthesia that affects the whole body and usually induced a loss of consciousness
32
Local Anesthesia
Anesthesia that affects a restricted area of the body
33
Natural Childbirth
Childbirth with minimal medical or technological intervention, usually involving special breathing and relaxation techniques
34
Lamaze Method
A method of childbirth involving exercises and breathing control to give pain relief without drugs
35
Hypoxia
Deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
36
Breech Birth
A delivery of a baby so positioned in the uterus that the buttocks or feet are delivered first
37
Vernix
A greasy deposit covering the skin of a baby at birth
38
Respiratory Disease Syndrome
A condition in newborn babies in which the lungs are deficient in surfactant, preventing their proper expansion and causing the formation of hyaline material in the lung spaces
39
Incubator
An enclosed apparatus providing a controlled environment for the care and protection of premature or unusually small babies
40
Postpartum
Following childbirth or the birth of young
41
Neonate Reflexes
Demonstrate the neural functioning of neonate Absence or weakness of a Reflex may indicate immaturity, slowed responsiveness, brain injury, or retardation Rooting reflex, Moro reflex, grasping reflex, babinski reflex, tonic-neck reflex
42
Pacifier
A rubber or plastic nipple for a baby to suck on
43
Rooting Reflex
Baby turns head and mouth toward a stimulus that strokes the cheek, chin, or corner of the moth; important for locating mother’s nibble in preparation for sucking; can be lost if not stimulated
44
Moro Reflex
Back arches, and the legs and arms are flung out and then brought back towards the chest, with the arms in a hugging motion; can be elicited when baby’s position is changed or when support for the head and neck is lost; can be elicited by loud noises bumping the baby’s crib, or jerking the baby’s blanket; lost within 6 to 7 months after birth; absence of Moro Reflex indicates immaturity or brain damage
45
Grasping Reflex (Palmar Reflex)
Refers to the increasing tendency to reflexively grasp fingers or other objects pressed against the palms of hand; babies support their own weight this way
46
Stepping Reflex
Mimics walking; demonstrates 1-2 days after birth and disappears 3-4 months of age
47
Babinski Reflex
Occurs when underside of foot form heel to toes is stroked; toes are fanned or spread
48
Tonic-Neck Reflex
Observed when baby is lying on its back and turns head from one side
49
Milestones is Language Development: 24 Months
Vocabulary more than 50 words, naming everything in the environment. Spontaneous creation of two-word sentences. Clear efforts to communicate.
50
Milestones is Language Development: 18 Months
Repertoire of 3-50 words. Explosive vocabulary growth. Babbling consists of serval syllables with intricate intonation. Little effort to communicate information. Little joining of words into spontaneous two-word utterances. Understands nearly everything spoken.
51
Milestones is Language Development: 12 Months
Identical sound sequences replicated more often. Words (e.g. mamma or dada) emerge. Many words and requests understood (e.g., "Show me your eyes").
52
Milestones is Language Development: 10 Months
Vocalizations mixed with sound play, such as gurgling, bubble blowing. Makes effort to imitate sounds made by older people with mixed success.
53
Milestones is Language Development: 8 Months
``` Continuous repetition (reduplication) enters into babbling. Patterns of intonation become distinct. Utterances can signal emphasis and emotion. ```
54
Milestones is Language Development: 6 Months
Cooing changes to single-syllable babbling. Neither vowels nor consonants have fixed pattern of recurrence. Common utterances sound somewhat like ma, mu, da, or di.
55
Milestones is Language Development: 20 Weeks
Cooing becomes interspersed with consonant-like sounds. | Vocalizations differ from the sounds of mature language.
56
Milestones is Language Development: 16 Weeks
Responds to human sounds more definitely. Turns head, searching for speaker. Chuckles occasionally.
57
Milestones is Language Development: 12 Weeks
Cries less. Smiles when talked to and nodded at. Engages in squealing and gurgling sounds (cooing). Sustains cooing for 15-20 seconds.
58
Milestones is Language Development: Birth
Cries
59
States of Sleep and Wakefulness in Infancy: Quiet Sleep (non-REM)
Regular breathing, eyes closed, no movement
60
States of Sleep and Wakefulness in Infancy: Active Sleep (REM)
Irregular breathing, eyes closed, rapid eye movement, muscle twitiches
61
States of Sleep and Wakefulness in Infancy: Drowsiness
Regular or irregular breathing, eyes open or closed, little movement
62
States of Sleep and Wakefulness in Infancy: Alert Inactivity
Regular breathing, eyes open, looking around, little body movement
63
States of Sleep and Wakefulness in Infancy: Alert Activity
Irregular breathing, eyes open, active body movement
64
States of Sleep and Wakefulness in Infancy: Crying
Irregular breathing, eyes open or closed, thrashing of arms and legs, crying
65
Attachment
an affectional bond shown by seeking closeness with another and distress upon separation
66
Seperation Anxiety
fear of separation from a target of attachment
67
Secure Attachment
a type of attachment shown by mild distress at leave-takings and being readily soothed at reunion
68
Avoidant Attachment
a type of insecure attachment shown by apparent indifference to leave-takings and reunions with an attachment figure
69
Ambivalent/Resistant Attachment
A type of insecure attachment shown by dazed and contradictory behaviors toward an attachment figure
70
Indiscriminate Attachment
the display of attachment behaviors toward any person
71
Initial Preattachment Phase
the first phase in development of attachment characterized by indiscriminate attachment
72
Attachment-In-The-Making Phase
the second phase in development of attachment characterized by preference for familiar figures
73
Clear-Cut Attachment Phase
the third phase in development of attachment characterized by intensified dependence on the primary caregiver
74
Contact Comfort
the pleasure derived from physical contact with another
75
Ethologist
a scientist who studies the behavior patterns characteristic of various species
76
Social Smile
a smile that occurs in response to a human voice or face
77
Critical Period
a period during which imprinting can occur
78
Imprinting
the process by which waterfowl become attached to the first moving object they follow
79
Mutism
refusal to speak
80
Echolalia
automatic repetition of sounds or words
81
Social Referencing
using another person's reaction to a situation to form one's own response
82
Emotional Regulation
techniques for controlling one's emotional states
83
Separation/Individuation
the process of becoming separate from and independent of the mother
84
Temperament
individual difference in style of reaction that's present early in life
85
Goodness of Fit
agreement between parents' expectations of a child and the child's temperament

Human Growth and Development (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions