CHAPTER THREE PSYCH 1115

Question 1

When was psychology defined as description and explanation of states of consciousness

Answer 1

1880’S

Question 2

when was : consciousness nearly lost; science of behavior

Answer 2

1960’s

Question 3

Study of consciousness altered by hypnosis, drugs, and meditation; importance of cognition

Answer 3

after 1960’s

Question 4

Under the influence of cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive neuroscience, consciousness reclaims its place as an important area of research

Answer 4

Today

Question 5

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 5

Interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Question 6

selective attention

Answer 6

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Question 7

Inattentional blindness

Answer 7

Failure to see visible objects when attention is directed elsewhere

Question 8

change blindness

Answer 8

Failure to notice changes in the environment, a form of inattentional blindness

Question 9

duel processing

Answer 9

Information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious (explicit) and unconscious (implicit) tracks.
Perceptions, memory, attitudes, and other cognitions are affected

Question 10

blindness awarness

Answer 10

A person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it.

Question 11

parallell processing

Answer 11

Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing for many functions

Question 12

Sequential processing

Answer 12

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Question 13

sleep stage one

Answer 13

The beta waves of an alert, waking state and the regular alpha waves of an awake, relaxed state differ from the slower, larger delta waves of deep NREM-3 sleep.

Question 14

sleep stage two

Answer 14

Alpha waves - Relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state
Hallucinations - False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
Delta waves - Large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Question 15

REM sleep

Answer 15

REM (rapid eye movement) - Sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur
REM rebound - Tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation

Question 16

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 16

Bright morning light activates light-sensitive proteins that trigger the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to cause decreased production of melatonin in the morning and increased production in the evening.

Question 17

insomnia

Answer 17

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Question 18

Narcolepsy

Answer 18

Sudden uncontrollable sleep attacks, sometimes lapsing directly into REM sleep

Question 19

Sleep apnea

Answer 19

Stopping of breathing while asleep; associated with obesity, especially in men

Question 20

Dreams with negative event or emotion:

Answer 20

8 in 10 dreams

Question 21

Dreams with sexual imagery:

Answer 21

1 in 10 among young men and 1 in 30 among young women

Question 22

Manifest content

Answer 22

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)

Question 23

Latent content

Answer 23

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content)