Chapter Twelve Flashcards
American prisons:
Out of sight, out of mind,- for years protons were ignored by the public.
The reform movement involved citizens and researchers to understand and improve conditions.
Living in prison:
:Cost-$39,000/year per federal inmate.
:prizonization was developed by Donald clement in the 1940s
:this involved institutionalized offenders to accept and value prison lifestyle and values.
Prison subculture models:
:Deprivation Model - adapting to loss of freedom and needs.
:Importation Model - inmates bring outside experiences into prison
: Situational model - behavior depends on time, place, and person
Female inmates:
:Mostly incarcerated for drugs/property crimes.
:Typically 30-35, and primary caretakers
:create pseudo females to cope.
They face:
:Fewer programs
:high substance abuse
:mental health issues, self harm
:sexual misconduct by staff
:high emotional distress
Violence & misconduct:
:Violence in women’s prison is rare but happens to establish dominance.
:most abuse comes from correctional staff.
:sexual violence is underreported due to:
:Fear of retaliation
:Shame, masculinity threats
:lack of protection
Solitary confinement:
:Used for violent/mentally ill inmates
:23-24 hours of isolation
negative effects:
Depression, paranoia, hallucinations, and brain changes.
:inmates in solitary = 6-8% of prison population but 50% of prison suicide.
In PA:
:1000 inmates in solitary
New bill(2021) to limit solitary to 15 days, based for vulnerable groups, juveniles, and pregnant women.
Correctional staff:
:350,000 employees
:Officers go through socializations like inmates do.
challenges:
Low status and legal liabilities
efforts for professionalization:
:More training
:Psychological screening
Prison rape:
:Underreported due to inmates not trusting guards.
:victims are often vulnerable young, weak, white, homosexual, sex offenders.
30% of inmates reported o have been sexually assaulted.
:in (2003) the prison rape elimination act was established
:First U.S. law addresses prison rape
:Aims for zero tolerance
Ignored by authorities:
:reports of guards ignoring or even watching rapes.
:Dismissive attitudes like lover’s quarrel.
:some guards gave advice to be monogamous to avoid abuse.
