Chapter Twelve: Social Psychology

Question 1

What looks at how people affect one another and at the power of the situation?

Answer 1

Social Psychology

Question 2

What is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment called?

Answer 2

Situationism

Question 3

What is the view that our behavior is determined by internal factors including personality traits and temperament called?

Answer 3

Dispositionism

Question 4

What is the tendency for people to under-emphasize situational and environmental explanations for someone’s behavior called?

Answer 4

Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 5

An ____ ____ focuses on autonomy and individual achievement and has the greatest tendency to commit the fundamental attribution error.

Answer 5

Individualistic Culture

Question 6

A ____ ____ focuses on communal relationships and has a lower tendency to commit the fundamental attribution error.

Answer 6

Collectivistic Culture

Question 7

What is the tendency to attribute one’s own actions to external causes while attributing other people’s behaviors to internal causes called?

Answer 7

Actor-Observer Bias

Question 8

What is the tendency people have to seek out information and use it to advance self-interest called?

Answer 8

Self-Serving Bias

Question 9

What is the belief about the cause of a result called?

Answer 9

Attribution

Question 10

What is the belief that people get the outcomes they deserve called?

Answer 10

Just-World Hypothesis

Question 11

What is a pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group called?

Answer 11

Social Role

Question 12

What is a group’s expectation of what is acceptable behavior for its members called?

Answer 12

Social Norm

Question 13

What is a person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting called?

Answer 13

Script

Question 14

What is the experiment that demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts by assigning men the role of prisoner and guard?

Answer 14

Stanford Prison Experiment

Question 15

What is our evaluation of a person, idea, or object called?

Answer 15

Attitude

Question 16

What is the state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes?

Answer 16

Cognitive Dissonance

Question 17

What is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication called?

Answer 17

Persuasion

Question 18

The ____ ____ of persuasion uses data and facts to convince people.

Answer 18

Central Route

Question 19

The ____ ____ of persuasion used indirect cues to associate positivity with the message.

Answer 19

Peripheral Route

Question 20

When the persuader gets a person to bestow a small favor, only to request a larger favor later. This is called:

Answer 20

Foot-in-the-Door Technique

Question 21

What is the change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if they do not agree with the group called?

Answer 21

Conformity

Question 22

What is a person who is aware of the experiment and works for the researcher called?

Answer 22

Confederate

Question 23

What is the influence of the group majority on an individual’s judgment called?

Answer 23

Asch Effect

Question 24

In ____ ____ ____, people conform to the group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted.

Answer 24

Normative Social Influence

Question 25

In ____ ____ ____, people conform because they believe the group is competent and has correct information

Answer 25

Informational Social Influence

Question 26

What is the change in a person's behavior to comply with a demand by an authority figure called?

Answer 26

Obedience

Question 27

What is the modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus called?

Answer 27

Groupthink

Question 28

What is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group called?

Answer 28

Group Polarization

Question 29

When an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when alone, it is called:

Answer 29

Social Facilitation

Question 30

What is the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group called?

Answer 30

Social Loafing

Question 31

What is a negative attitude toward an individual based solely on one's membership in a particular social group called?

Answer 31

Prejudice

Question 32

What is a specific belief or assumption about individuals based on their membership in a group called?

Answer 32

Stereotype

Question 33

What is the negative action toward an individual based on their membership in a group called? (EX. Racism, Sexism, Ageism, and Homophobia)

Answer 33

Discrimination

Question 34

What is an expectation held by a person that alters their behavior in a way that tends to make it true called?

Answer 34

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Question 35

What is the process where we seek out information that supports our stereotypes and ignore information that is inconsistent, called?

Answer 35

Confirmation Bias

Question 36

An ____-____ is one we identify with.

Answer 36

In-Group

Question 37

An ____-____ is one we view as different from us.

Answer 37

Out-Group

Question 38

What is a preference for you own group over other groups called?

Answer 38

In-Group Bias

Question 39

What is the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal?

Answer 39

Scapegoating

Question 40

What is it called when someone seeks to cause harm?

Answer 40

Aggression

Question 41

____ ____ is motivated by anger with the intent to cause pain.

Answer 41

Hostile Aggression

Question 42

____ ____ is motivated by achieving a goal without necessarily involving the intent to cause pain.

Answer 42

Instrumental Aggression

Question 43

What is the repeated negative treatment of another person (often an adolescent) called?

Answer 43

Bullying

Question 44

What is the phenomenon where a witness does not volunteer to help a person in distress?

Answer 44

Bystander Effect

Question 45

What is the tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility is spread throughout the group?

Answer 45

Diffusion of Responsibility

Question 46

What is voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people?

Answer 46

Prosocial Behavior

Question 47

What is people's desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping?

Answer 47

Altruism

Question 48

What is the capacity to understand another person's perspective, to feel what they feel?

Answer 48

Empathy

Question 49

What is the tendency for people to form social networks with others who are similar?

Answer 49

Homophily

Question 50

What is the give and take in a relationship called?

Answer 50

Reciprocity

Question 51

What is the sharing of personal information called?

Answer 51

Self-Disclosure

Question 52

What is the theory that includes the three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment?

Answer 52

Triangular Theory of Love

Question 53

What is the concept that a relationship is created through a process of cost-benefit analysis?

Answer 53

Social Exchange of Love