Chapter Ten: Emotion and Motivation

Question 1

What are the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal?

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

What type of motivation arises from internal factors?

Answer 2

Intrinsic Motivaiton

Question 3

What type of motivation arises from external factors?

Answer 3

Extrinsic Motivation

Question 4

Autonomy, Mastery, and Purpose:

Answer 4

Intrinsic

Question 5

Compensation, Punishment, and Reward:

Answer 5

Extrinsic

Question 6

What is behavior that is not learned called?

Answer 6

Instinct

Question 7

When a need is satisfied, drive is reduced, and the organism returns to a state of homeostasis. It is called:

Answer 7

Drive Theory

Question 8

What is a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage called?

Answer 8

Habit

Question 9

The principle where a simple task is best performed when arousal levels are high and complex tasks are best performed when arousal levels are low is called:

Answer 9

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Question 10

What is an individuals belief in their own capability to complete a task due to previous completion of the same or similar tasks?

Answer 10

Self-Efficacy

Question 11

What spans the spectrum of motives ranging from the biological to the individual to the social?

Answer 11

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Question 12

What is the feeling of fullness and satisfaction that stops eating behavior?

Answer 12

Satiation

Question 13

What satiety hormone do fat cells release?

Answer 13

Leptin

Question 14

What is the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time called?

Answer 14

Metabolic Rate

Question 15

When each individual has an ideal body weight or set-point, which is resistant to change called?

Answer 15

Set-Point Theory

Question 16

When an adult has a BMI between 25 to 29.9, they are:

Answer 16

Overweight

Question 17

When an adult has a BMI of 30 or higher, they are:

Answer 17

Obese

Question 18

When an adult has a BMI over 40, they have:

Answer 18

Morbid Obesity

Question 19

What is the surgery that is aimed at weight reduction by modifying the gastrointestinal system to limit food eaten and limit the absorption of food?

Answer 19

Bariatric Surgery

Question 20

What is it called to engage in binge eating behavior followed by purging through vomiting or the use of laxatives?

Answer 20

Bulimia Nervosa

Question 21

What is it called to engage in binge eating behavior followed by distress, guilt, and embarrassment?

Answer 21

Binge Eating Disorder

Question 22

What is the maintenance of a bodyweight well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise called?

Answer 22

Anorexia Nervosa

Question 23

What is it called to view oneself as overweight when they are not?

Answer 23

Distorted Body Image

Question 24

What are an individual’s emotional and erotic attractions called?

Answer 24

Sexual Orientation

Question 25

What is a same-sex attraction called?

Answer 25

Homosexuality

Question 26

What is an opposite-sex attraction called?

Answer 26

Heterosexuality

Question 27

What is both a same-sex and opposite-sex attraction called?

Answer 27

Bisexuality

Question 28

What is the division of sex into four phases including excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution called?

Answer 28

Sexual Response Cycle

Question 29

What is the sexual response phase marked by the erection of the penis or clitoris and lubrication/expansion of the vaginal canal?

Answer 29

Excitement Phase

Question 30

What is the sexual response phase marked by swelling of the vagina, increased blood flow, full erection, production of pre-ejaculatory fluid, and increased muscle tone?

Answer 30

Plateau Phase

Question 31

What is the sexual response phase marked by rhythmic contractions of the uterus or build-up of seminal fluid forced out by pelvic contractions?

Answer 31

Orgasm

Question 32

What is the sexual response phase marked by the rapid return to an unaroused state accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure and muscle relaxation?

Answer 32

Resolution

Question 33

What is the period of time that follows an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm?

Answer 33

Refractory Period

Question 34

What is one's sense of being male or female called?

Answer 34

Gender Identity

Question 35

What is the diagnostic category that describes individuals who do not identity as the gender that most people would assume they are?

Answer 35

Gender Dysphoria

Question 36

What is it called when people make an attempt to make their bodies appear like the opposite sex?

Answer 36

Transgender Hormone Therapy

Question 37

What is the subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings?

Answer 37

Emotion

Question 38

What are the combinations of physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experiences called?

Answer 38

Components of Emotion

Question 39

What is the belief that bodily changes come first and form the basis of an emotional experience?

Answer 39

James-Lange Theory

Question 40

What is the belief that physiological arousal and emotional experience can occur simultaneously, yet independently?

Answer 40

Cannon-Bard Theory

Question 41

What is the belief that physiological arousal determines the strength of the emotion, while cognitive appraisal identifies the emotion label?

Answer 41

Schachter-Singer Two Factor Theory

Question 42

What is the part of the amygdala that stimulates the fear response and plays a part in classical conditioning, and attaches emotional value to learning processes and memory?

Answer 42

Basolateral Complex

Question 43

What is the part of the hypothalamus that plays a role in attention and regulates the autonomic nervous system and endocrine systems' activity?

Answer 43

Central Nucleus

Question 44

What is the collection of culturally specific standards that governs the display of emotions that are acceptable?

Answer 44

Cultural Display Rule

Question 45

What are the facial expressions that are capable of influencing other's emotions called?

Answer 45

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Question 46

What is the expression of emotions in terms of body position or movement?

Answer 46

Body Language