Chapter two

Question 1

What is heat conduction?

Answer 1

Heat conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through a material without any motion of the material as a whole.

Question 2

True or False: Heat conduction requires the movement of particles.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

What does the symbol ‘k’ represent in the context of heat conduction?

Answer 3

‘k’ represents the thermal conductivity of the material.

Question 4

Which material typically has a high thermal conductivity?

Answer 4

Metals, such as copper and aluminum, typically have high thermal conductivity.

Question 5

What factors affect the rate of heat conduction?

Answer 5

The rate of heat conduction is affected by the material’s thermal conductivity, the temperature gradient, and the cross-sectional area through which heat is being transferred.

Question 6

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a poor conductor of heat? A) Wood B) Silver C) Iron D) Gold

Answer 6

A) Wood

Question 7

Short Answer: Describe the difference between conduction and convection.

Answer 7

Conduction is the transfer of heat through a solid material, while convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases).

Question 8

True or False: Insulators are materials that conduct heat well.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is the primary function of insulation in physics?

Answer 9

To reduce the transfer of heat between objects or environments.

Question 10

True or False: Insulators are materials that allow heat to pass through easily.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Materials with high thermal resistance are known as __________.

Answer 11

insulators

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a good thermal insulator? A) Copper B) Wood C) Iron

Answer 12

B) Wood

Question 13

What property of a material determines its effectiveness as an insulator?

Answer 13

Thermal conductivity

Question 14

What is thermal conductivity?

Answer 14

Thermal conductivity is a measure of a material’s ability to conduct heat.

Question 15

True or False: Metals generally have higher thermal conductivity compared to insulators.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The unit of thermal conductivity in the International System of Units (SI) is __________.

Answer 16

W/m·K

Question 17

Which of the following materials typically has the highest thermal conductivity? A) Wood B) Water C) Copper D) Air

Answer 17

C) Copper

Question 18

How does temperature affect the thermal conductivity of most materials?

Answer 18

For most materials, thermal conductivity increases with temperature.

Question 19

What type of electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength longer than visible light but shorter than microwaves?

Answer 19

Infrared radiation

Question 20

True or False: Infrared radiation can be felt as heat.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Fill in the blank: The range of infrared radiation wavelengths is approximately _____ to _____ micrometers.

Answer 21

0.7 to 1000

Question 22

What are the three main categories of infrared radiation based on wavelength?

Answer 22

Near-infrared, mid-infrared, and far-infrared

Question 23

Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum does infrared radiation fall under?

Answer 23

Electromagnetic spectrum

Question 24

What technology commonly utilizes infrared radiation for remote control devices?

Answer 24

Infrared communication

Question 25

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a use of infrared radiation? A) Night vision B) Heat lamps C) Radio broadcasting D) Thermal imaging

Answer 25

C) Radio broadcasting

Question 26

What is the primary source of natural infrared radiation on Earth?

Answer 26

The Sun

Question 27

True or False: Infrared radiation is invisible to the human eye.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Name one application of infrared radiation in medicine.

Answer 28

Thermal imaging for diagnosis

Question 29

What is the definition of specific heat capacity?

Answer 29

Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Question 30

True or False: Water has a higher specific heat capacity than most substances.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

What is the formula for calculating specific heat capacity?

Answer 31

The formula is c = Q / (m * ΔT), where c is specific heat capacity, Q is the heat added, m is the mass, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: The specific heat capacity of water is approximately ____ J/(kg·°C).

Answer 32

4184

Question 33

Which substance has the highest specific heat capacity?

Answer 33

Water

Question 34

What unit is specific heat capacity typically measured in?

Answer 34

Joules per kilogram per degree Celsius (J/(kg·°C))

Question 35

Multiple Choice: Which of the following has a lower specific heat capacity than water? A) Sand B) Ethanol C) Iron D) All of the above

Answer 35

D) All of the above

Question 36

How does specific heat capacity affect temperature changes in large bodies of water?

Answer 36

Larger specific heat capacity allows bodies of water to absorb more heat without a significant temperature change.

Question 37

True or False: Materials with low specific heat capacities heat up and cool down quickly.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

What is the significance of specific heat capacity in climate science?

Answer 38

It plays a crucial role in regulating temperatures and climate patterns due to water's high specific heat capacity.

Question 39

What is the primary purpose of insulating a house?

Answer 39

To reduce heat loss in winter and keep the house cool in summer.

Question 40

True or False: Insulation can help reduce energy bills.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The most common materials used for insulation include fiberglass, foam, and __________.

Answer 41

cellulose

Question 42

What does R-value measure in insulation?

Answer 42

The thermal resistance of the insulation material.

Question 43

Which type of insulation is typically used in attics and walls: A) Reflective, B) Spray foam, C) Both A and B?

Answer 43

C) Both A and B

Question 44

What is the method for the specific heat capacity practical

Answer 44

Start by assembling the apparatus, placing the heater into the top of the block Measure the initial temperature of the aluminium block from the thermometer Turn on the power supply and start the stopwatch Whilst the power supply is on, the heater will heat up the block. Take several periodic measurements, eg. every 1 minute of the voltage and current from the voltmeter and ammeter respectively, calculating an average for each at the end of the experiment up to 10 minutes Switch off the power supply, stop the stopwatch and leave the apparatus for about a minute. The temperature will still rise before it cools Monitor the thermometer and record the final temperature reached for the block