Chapter Unit 6

Question 0

Axon

Answer 0

Part of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body; each cell has one

Question 1

Affectors

Answer 1

Cells functioning in reception of stimuli; receiving end of sensory nerves

Question 2

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 2

Automatically regulates the action of the glands, the smooth muscles of the hollow organs, and the heart, often without one being aware of it.

Question 3

Cell Body

Answer 3

Part of the neuron that acts as a sending and receiving center, carries on metabolism, and stores energy

Question 4

Central Nervous System

Answer 4

Consists of nerve tissues that form the brain and spinal cord; controls voluntary acts

Question 5

Cerebral cortex

Answer 5

Outer layer of gray matter of the cerebrum

Question 6

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 6

Watery fluid protecting the brain and spinal cord

Question 7

Dendrite

Answer 7

Part of the neuron that carries impulses to the cell body

Question 8

Effectors

Answer 8

Nerve endings that carry out actions

Question 9

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 9

A tracing of the electrical activity of an individuals brain

Question 10

Fissure

Answer 10

A deep groove or furrow in an organ such as the brain

Question 11

Ganglion

Answer 11

Mass of nerve tissue; principally nerve cell bodies, outside the central nervous system

Question 12

Gray matter

Answer 12

Nerve tissue of a grayish color consisting primarily of non myelinated nerve fibers; contains large numbers of cell bodies of neurons

Question 13

Hemisphere

Answer 13

Either half of the cerebrum or cerebellum

Question 14

Lobe

Answer 14

A fairly well defined part of the organ such as the brain separated by boundaries

Question 15

Meninges

Answer 15

The tough, 3 layered membrane protecting the spinal cord and the brain

Question 16

Myelinated

Answer 16

Covered with myelin

Question 17

Myelin Sheath

Answer 17

Noncellular, fatty covering of a nerve fiber

Question 18

Myoneural Junction

Answer 18

Ending of a nerve at a muscle

Question 19

Nerve

Answer 19

bundle of nerve fibers, blood vessles, and connective tissue outside the central nervous system

Question 20

Nerve Fibers

Answer 20

Threadlike projections of cytoplasm from the cell body of a neuron; axon and dendrites

Question 21

Nervous System

Answer 21

system of the body dealing with the brain, spinal cord, and nerves which coordinates body activity

Question 22

neurogila

Answer 22

supporting structure for nerve tissue consisting of blood vessles, connective tissue, and specialized cells found only in the brain and spinal cord

Question 23

neurology

Answer 23

study of the nervous system

Question 24

neuron

Answer 24

basic nerve cell

Question 25

periphreal nervous system

Answer 25

provides input sensory receptors to the central nervous system and output from the central nervous system to effectors

Question 26

Plexus

Answer 26

a network of nerves

Question 27

Regeneration

Answer 27

repair, regrowth, or restoration of a part

Question 28

stimulus

Answer 28

any agent or influence that produces a response or increase in activity or living protoplasm

Question 29

sulcus

Answer 29

a slight groove, furrow, or depression in an organ, especially of the brain

Question 30

synapse

Answer 30

junction of an axon and one or more dendrites which transmits nerve impulses in one direction only

Question 31

ventricle

Answer 31

one of the cavities of the brain

Question 32

White Matter

Answer 32

nerve tissue consisting of myelinated nerve fibers

Question 33

3 functions of the nervous system

Answer 33

A. receive internal/external stimuli through sensory organs B. Transmits messages to/from brain, interprets messages, stores info. and coordinates response (if needed) C. Respond to Internal/External stimuli through motor organs

Question 34

Parts of Typical Neuron and their Functions (Part A) Cell Body

Answer 34

1. Acts as a sending and receiving center 2. Carries on metabolism 3. Stores energy

Question 35

Parts of Typical Neuron and their Functions B. Dendrites

Answer 35

1. Carries impulses to cell body 2. usually shorter and more numerous that axon 3. a neuron may have one or more dendrite

Question 36

Parts of Typical Neuron and their Functions 3. Axon

Answer 36

1. Conducts impulses away from cell body 2. A neuron never has more than 1 axon 3. May be long as a meter

Question 37

Sensory Neurons Description and function

Answer 37

1. AKA Afferent or Receptor 2. receives messages from all parts of body and transmits them to CNS 3. Controlled by Thalamus- the "sensory" integrating center located below the cerebral hemisphere

Question 38

Connective Neurons Description and Function

Answer 38

1. AKA Central or internuncial 2. Conducts messages or impulses from sensory or motor neurons. 3. Found only in central nervous system

Question 39

Motor Neurons Description and Function

Answer 39

1. AKA efferent 2. Transmits messages from the CNS to all parts of body 3. located in muscles or glands 4. controlled by frontal lobe of brain

Question 40

when a neuron receives a signal, it _____ an impulse on to the _____ ______ across the _______ between axon and dendrite

Answer 40

- sends - next - neuron - synapse

Question 41

___ or more neurons arranged in a _____ _______ to conduct impulses from one _____ to another

Answer 41

- two - chain - function - place

Question 42

impulses pass only in ___ _________ from receptor dendrite to cell body to ____ to _______ and so on

Answer 42

- one - direction - axon - dendrite

Question 43

when a nerve impulse is blocked, the blocking usually takes place in the _______

Answer 43

-synapse

Question 44

Components of Reflex Arc

Answer 44

``` 1 Affector 2 Sensory Neuron 3 Central Neuron 4 Motor Neuron 5 Effector ```

Question 45

Characteristic of nerve fiber

Answer 45

- elongated process of neuron, usually axon, concerned with conduction of impulses - nerve fibers form major part of white matter, spinal cord, all nerves - most nerves fibers in peripheral nerves are myelinated

Question 46

Axis Cylider

Answer 46

central core of jelly-like material

Question 47

myelin sheath

Answer 47

fatty covering which provides insulation and speed impulse conductions

Question 48

neurilemma

Answer 48

thin membrane which nuclei called schwann cells completely covering the nerve fiber, regenerates fiber nerves

Question 49

mechanism of regeneration of periphreal nerves

Answer 49

1. part of the fiber separated from the cell body disintegrates 2. neurilemma starts to regenerate at the sight of injury 3. remaining stump of the axon attached to the cell body is able to grow in repaired tubes

Question 50

Central nervous system contains the

Answer 50

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 51

Periphreal Nervous system contains

Answer 51

Cranial Nerves Spinal Nerves Autonomic Nerves

Question 52

Cranial Nerves functions and contains

Answer 52

- 12 Pairs | - carries impulses to/from the brain

Question 53

Spinal Nerves Function and contains

Answer 53

- 31 pairs | - Carry messages to/from the spinal cord

Question 54

Autonomic Nerves Functions and Contains

Answer 54

- Can be referred to as Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - lie on either side of the spinal cord - has two sub-divisions - sympathetic - parasympathetic - has to do largely with activities which go more or less automaticlly - controlled by hypothalamus

Question 55

Constituents found in the spinal canal

Answer 55

- spinal cord - CSF - Meninges - Adipose tissue - Blood vessels

Question 56

Characteristics of the spinal cord

Answer 56

- small about 18in in adults - lies within spinal canal surrounding by the vertebrae - acts as great conduction pathway of impulses between periphreal nerves and brain - cross section of the spinal cord reveals an inner H-shaped area of grey matter surrounded by white matter

Question 57

_____ ______ emerge from the cord by two short roots, the _____ root and _______ root

Answer 57

- Spinal - Nerves - Dorsal - Ventral

Question 58

cord extends from the _______ to the lower border of first lumbar vertebra or top of second lumbar ______, where it begins to taper into a "______ _____" of fibers that finally end in the ___________ area

Answer 58

- medulla - vertebra - horse - tail - coccygeal

Question 59

in the embryo, the spinal cord occupies the ______ spinal column extending down into the tail portion of the vertebral column, however bone tissue grows ____ rapidly than nerve tissue so by adulthood the cord only reaches to the level of first or second lumbar vertebra

Answer 59

- entire | - more

Question 60

spinal ___________ are given between third and fourth and fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra

Answer 60

anesthesia

Question 61

Components of CSF

Answer 61

1. Water 2. Glucose 3. Sodium Chloride 4. Proteins 5. waste products (Urea)

Question 62

Purpose of CSF

Answer 62

To circulate around the brain and spinal cord to maintain even pressure for cushion and shock absorber

Question 63

Layers of Meninges

Answer 63

1. Dura Mater 2. Arachnoid 3. Pia Mater

Question 64

Dura Mater Layers and Function

Answer 64

1. Outer Layer | 2. Provides Protection

Question 65

Arachnoid Layer and Function

Answer 65

1. Middle Layer | 2. Resembles a cobweb with CSF filling the subnarachnoid space under it

Question 66

Pia Mater Layer and Function

Answer 66

1. Inner layer | 2. is a thin vascular layer containing blood vessels which bring oxygen and carry away waste products