Chapter1- The Microbial World And You Flashcards
(103 cards)
Bacteriology
The study of bacteria
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus called MRSA
Emerged in 1980s became endemic in many hospitals increasing use of vacomycin
Pandemic disease
Disease that affects large #s of individuals in a short period of time and occurs worldwide
Pasteur
Demonstrated that microorganisms are present in the air and can contaminate sterile solutions, but the air itself does not create microbes
- s shaped curves flasks
- showed that microorganisms can be present in non living matter- on solids, in liquids & in the air
- demonstrated that microbial life can be destroyed by heat and that methods can be devised to block the access of airborne microorganisms to nutrient environments
Biogenesis
Hypothesizing that living cells arise only from predicting living cells
Salvarsan
An arsenic derivative effective against syphilis
Named Salvarsan cus it was considered to offer salvation from syphilis and it contained arsenic a
Avian influenza A (H5N1) aka bird flu
Killed millions of poultry and 24 ppl on a east Asia in 2003
- occurs in birds worldwide
- found in many diff animals- ducks chicken pigs whales horses and seals
- all subtypes of influenza A virus can infect pigs
/fortunately the virus has not yet evolved to b transmitted successfully among humans
Eukaryotes
Organisms who’s cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cells genetic material (DNA) surrounded by a special envelops called their nuclear membrane
Molecular biology
Looks at how genetic info is carried in molecules of DNA and how DNA directs the synthesis of proteins
Slime molds
Organisms that have characteristics of both fungi and amebae
Quinine
Extract from the bark of a South American tree which had been used by spanish conquistadors to treat malaria
Hyphae
Long filaments that branch and intertwine and make up mycelia
Golden age of micro 1857-1914
Rapid advances spearheaded mainly by Pasteur and Robert Koch led to the establishment of microbiology
-discoveries= agents of many diseases, role of immunity in preventing & curing disease
Prokaryotes
Means prenucleus
Include both bacteria and archaea
All living cells…
- have DNA n rna
- can carry out chemical reactions
- can reproduce as self sufficient units
H1N1 influenza (flu) aka swine flu
Type of influenza caused by a new virus called H1N1
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology
Inserts recombinant DNA into bacteria (or other microbes) make large quantities of a desired protein
-these techniques have been used thus far to produce a # of natural proteins, vaccines and enzymes
Viruses
- so Sm most can only b seen w an electron micro
- they are a cellular (NOT cellular)
- simple structurally
- considered to be living only when they multiply w in host cells they infect (viruses r parasites of other forms of life)
- they’re considered NOT to b living because they are inert outside living hosts
- a virus particle contains a core made of only 1 type of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA
- can reproduce only by using cellular machinery of other organisms
Yeasts
- Unicellular form of fungi
- oval microorganisms that are larger than bacteria
Antibiotics
Chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi to act against other microorganisms
Rudolf virchow 1885
Challenged the case for spontaneous generation w the concept of biogenesis
Microbial genetics
Studies the mechanisms by which microorganisms inherit traits
Animal parasites
- multicellular
- not strictly microorganisms
- eukaryotes
Virology
Study of viruses