Chapter14

Question 1

major depressive disorder

Answer 1

includes l sever neg moods and lack of interests in previously enjoyed actvities…may be a sustained mood depresiiion for at least 2 weeks…feeling worthless, guilt, diminished ability to think, and make decsions, suidicdal thoughts….

Question 2

persistent depressive disorder-dysthymia

Answer 2

deressive symptoms that warret attention but not as sever as the major depressive disorder…symtoms must be presnrt most days…mre days than not

Question 3

Bipolar I disorder - Includes extremely elevated moods during the manic phase.
Manic phases cause severe impairments in daily functioning.

Answer 3

KNOW…Diagnosis is focused primarily on the manic phase; Depressive phase is not necessary, although often occurs…

Question 4

Bipolar II disorder – Alternating series of extreme depression and mild mania..Requires at least one phase of severe depression.

Answer 4

this is less manic than bipolar1, so it can eb useful and rewarding,,,,because motivates person wafter depressive phase

Question 5

Cognitive triad – Negative thoughts about the self, the situation, and the future.

Answer 5

not thinking high of oneself…ex..guilt…or feeling helpess of point in life an future….sayign person doesnt even have a future…more accurate view of reality….blame self when something neg happens….when its something good..think its external reason not self…so..therefpre no self serving attribution.

Question 6

Psychopathology – 4 criteria

Answer 6

A sickness or disorder of the mind.

Deviation from culturally and socially accepted behavior that is maladaptive.

Question 7

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) –

Answer 7

1952
Systematic categorization of mental disorders by the APA.
Most recent update: DSM-5, published 27 May 2013.

Question 8

Categorical approach

Answer 8

– A person either falls into a diagnostic category or they do not.
How DSM classification works.

Question 9

Dimensional approach –

Answer 9

People vary along a continuum of psychological disorders rather than in categories.
DSM-5 has a section promoting the dimensional approach.

Question 10

Comorbidity –

Answer 10

The presence of multiple psychological disorders that occur together…ex depression and anxiety ocurring at same time

Question 11

Assessment –

Answer 11

The process of a set of procedures used to examine a person’s mental health and potentially diagnose a psychological disorder,…gaol:to maeke diagnosis

Question 12

Structured interviews –

Answer 12

Follow a specific set of questions; Interviewee’s answers are later coded according to protocol.
Requires less-skilled clinician.
Ability to compare individual’s answers to other interviewees.

Question 13

Unstructured interviews –

Answer 13

No set direction for the interview; Interview is guided by interviewee’s answers and clinician’s experiences and observations.

Question 14

Evidence-based assessment –

Answer 14

Empirical research guides the assessment of psychopathology, selection of appropriate testing and methods, and choice of diagnosis.

Question 15

Etiology – The origin or cause of a disorder.

Answer 15

Factors can be:
Biological
Psychological
Cultural
Gender-dependent

Question 16

Diathesis-stress model –

Answer 16

A disorder develops when an underlying vulnerability (diathesis) is exposed via psychological stressors

Question 17

Family systems model –

Answer 17

It is important to consider the behavior in the context of the family setting.
Will offer clues to what is contributing to the disorder.

Question 18

Sociocultural model –

Answer 18

Psychological disorders are a result of interactions between a person and their culture.

Question 19

Internalizing disorders – Characterized by negative emotions.

Answer 19

E.g., Depression, eating disorders, anxiety disorders

More prevalent in women

Question 20

Externalizing disorders –

Answer 20

Characterized by disinhibition.
E.g. Conduct disorders, substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder.
More prevalent in men.

Question 21

Anxiety –

Answer 21

Characterized by excessive fear and anxiety without the threat of real danger.

Question 22

anxiety:Physical symptoms:

Answer 22

Palpitations, sweating, trembling/shaking, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, dizziness.

Question 23

Cognitive symptoms:

Answer 23

Sense of imminent danger, derealization, depersonalization, fear of dying, fear of losing control or going crazy

Question 24

Panic attack –

Answer 24

Four or more of these symptoms develop together quickly, peak within 10 minutes.

Question 25

Phobia –

Answer 25

Fear of a specific object or situation that is out of proportion with the actual threat posed

Question 26

Obsessive-compulsive disorder –

Answer 26

Characterized by frequent intrusive, obsessive thoughts and compulsive action.

Question 27

Obsessions –

Answer 27

Recurrent, unwanted thoughts or mental images that produce high levels of anxiety.

Question 28

Compulsions –

Answer 28

Actions performed repeatedly in an attempt to reduce anxiety from the obsessions

Question 29

Dissociative disorders – Characterized by possessing disruptions of personal identity, memory, or conscious awareness.

Answer 29

two types: dicsscociative amnesia or dissociative id disorder(multipl epersonality disorder)..

Question 30

Dissociative amnesia – The loss of memory for events during a substantial block of time; Often includes amnesia for personal facts

Answer 30

often this blcok includes amnesia on persoanl self and facts

Question 31

Dissociate fugue – Loss of identity combined with physical relocation to a new place. Often ends abruptly with the person not knowing where they are or how they got there.

Answer 31

dont know wherer they are or how they gto there

Question 32

Dissociative identity disorder (DID) - The presence of two or more distinct personalities within the same individual, combined with memory gaps.

Answer 32

a thought is that it may be realted to childhood abuse...this is theory of why it arises...since they try to deal with the trauma......in 1980s...look at these examples in book....when able to activate these aspects..even their style of writing, gender, can be different....united states of terra...ex...of here personalities

Question 33

Schizophrenia – Disorder caused by a “splitting off the mind” between thoughts and emotions; Results in changes in thought, perception, and consciousness

Answer 33

split btw thoughts and emptions..positve symptoms:excess of what is nrormal...neg: deficits in functioning...must be at least 2

Question 34

hallucinations:Positive symptoms | Hallucinations –

Answer 34

False sensory perceptions that occur without a real external source..also happens auditory(more likely) than visual

Question 35

Delusions – Falsely-held beliefs based on an incorrect interpretation of reality.expereicne Persist despite clear contradictory evidence. Tend to be culture-specific.

Answer 35

ex....perecution: others spying you or trying to hurt you

Question 36

Positive symptoms Disorganized speech – Speech that is incoherent, fails to follow typical conversational structure and shifts topics quickly.

Answer 36

may invovle CLANG associations-the stringing together of rhyming, but unrealted words...often not appropriate while speaking...also can do...emotios,,,talking about cats death..but being happy

Question 37

Disorganized behavior – Behavior that is unusual, including bizarre physical movement patterns, strange speech, and inappropriate self-care. May display CATATONIC behavior, a decreased responsiveness to the environment.

Answer 37

catatonia-ppl dont move at all: used to be a unique isolated type in DSM

Question 38

Negative symptoms – Deficits in behavior, such as apathy, flat affect, slowed speech and slowed movement.

Answer 38

flat effect---no emotion...neg symptoms(deficit) nto necessairly means (bad)

Question 39

Personality disorders – Characterized by an interaction style that is maladaptive and causes problems in social and work environments.

Answer 39

divided into 3 clusteres`

Question 40

Borderline personality disorder – Characterized by a disturbance in personal identity, affect, and impulse control.

Answer 40

..

Question 41

B cluster-Anti-social personality disorder (APD) –

Answer 41

Characterized by a lack of empathy for others and remorse for one’s own actions. Referred to as psychopath until 1980.

Question 42

Eating disorder-anexia nervosa...bulimia nervosa

Answer 42

..

Question 43

Binge-eating disorder – Characterized by binge eating at least two times a week, but without purging.

Answer 43

eat faster..until uncomfortable full. eating large amounts when not physically hungry...feeling disgusted and eating alone...more pervalent in men and racial and ethinic minortites

Question 44

Nuerodevelopmental disorders

Answer 44

disorders in childhood or thorughout the development....

Question 45

Autism spectrum disorder – New diagnosis in the DSM-5 that groups all variants of autism (along with Asperger’s syndrome) together.

Answer 45

two components:less interactions...repetitive behaviors...severity accours in a continumm from mild(asperegers) to severe

Question 46

ADHD – Characterized by restlessness, inattention, and impulsivity.

Answer 46

6 or more symptoms required to diagnose...tendency to diagnose when first go to kindergarden tbecause this is the first structured environment,.and have difficult acclimating to it...symptoms:___...stopped on slide 30?

Question 47

PTSD – \avoidance of situations are reminders

Answer 47

... Disorder characterized by frequent nightmares, intrusive, persistent and unwanted thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma.

Question 48

attentional bias

Answer 48

greater awareness and reactivity to stimuli realted to the original trauma

Question 49

Mood disorders –

Answer 49

Characterized by disturbances in positive and negative mood. | Also called affective disorders.

Question 50

mood-Depressive disorders –

Answer 50

Pervasive and long-lasting feelings of sadness. | Major depressive disorder; Persistent depressive disorder

Question 51

Bipolar disorder – mood

Answer 51

Radical fluctuations between positive and negative mood states. Bipolar I disorder; Bipolar II disorde

Question 52

major depressive disorder

Answer 52

– Includes severe negative moods and a lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities.

Question 53

Persistent depressive disorder –

Answer 53

Depressive symptoms that warrant attention, but not as severe as major depressive disorder. Also referred to as dysthymia. .....Diagnosis is focused primarily on the manic phase; Depressive phase is not necessary, although often occurs. Impairment: Manic episodes.

Question 54

Bipolar I disorder -

Answer 54

Includes extremely elevated moods during the manic phase. | Manic phases cause severe impairments in daily functioning.

Question 55

Bipolar II disorder –

Answer 55

Alternating series of extreme depression and mild mania. Mania is considerably less manic than Bipolar I; Mania may even be useful and rewarding. Requires at least one phase of severe depression. Impairment: Major depressive episodes

Question 56

Cognitive triad

Answer 56

– Negative thoughts about the self, the situation, and the future. ...Do not engage in self-serving attributions.