Chapter17 part3 p.575-577

Question 0

Where does the ciliary body extend to?

Answer 0

ora serrata

Question 1

At its periphery, Iris attaches to anterior portion of the _________

Answer 1

ciliary body

Question 2

What is the serrated anterior edge of retina?

Answer 2

ora serrata

Question 3

what consists the bulk of the ciliary body?

Answer 3

ciliary muscle

Question 4

describe ciliary muscle

Answer 4

ring of smooth muscle that projects into the interior of the eye

Question 5

the epithelium covering the ciliary muscle has numerous folds called what

Answer 5

ciliary processes

Question 6

What is the ring of fibers that attaches the lens to the ciliary processes?

Answer 6

ciliary zonule/suspensory ligament

Question 7

what is a vascular layer that separates fibrous layer and the inner layer posterior to the ora serata?

Answer 7

choroid

Question 8

choroid is overed by

Answer 8

sclera

Question 9

choroid is attached to the outermost layer of the

Answer 9

retina

Question 10

what in the choroid deliver oxygen and nutrients to retina?

Answer 10

extensive capillary networks

Question 11

choroid contains melanocytes- where is is especially numerous?

Answer 11

near the sclera

Question 12

what are the 2 layers of the retina/inner layer?

Answer 12

thin outer lyaer=pigmented part

thick, inner layer= neural part

Question 13

what is the role of the pigmented part?

Answer 13

absorb light that passes through the neural part

Question 14

what prevents the visual”echoes”

Answer 14

the pigmented pat absorbing light

Question 15

where are the light receptors located?

Answer 15

neural part of retina

Question 16

what is the role of the supporting cells and neurons in the neural part of retina?

Answer 16

preliminary processing and integration of visual information

Question 17

Are the 2 layers of retina tightly interconnected?

Answer 17

NO

Question 18

The pigmented part of retina continues over ciliary body and iris. What about the neural part?

Answer 18

extends only up to ora serrata

Question 19

The outermost layer of the retina, closest to the pigmented part of retina, contains___________

Answer 19

photoreceptors

Question 20

2 main types of photoreceptors

Answer 20

rods, cones

Question 21

Which photoreceptor allows us to see in dimly lit rooms?

Answer 21

rods

Question 22

What are the 3 types of cones?

Answer 22

red, green, blue

Question 23

A person who sees 3 primary colors is called

Answer 23

trichromat

Question 24

________ give us sharper, clearer images

Answer 24

cones

Question 25

________ requires more intense light

Answer 25

cones

Question 26

What is the third type of photoreceptor?

Answer 26

intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC)

Question 27

What is the photopigment in ipRGC?

Answer 27

melanopsin

Question 28

What is the function of ipRGC?

Answer 28

They respond to different levels of brightness and influence body's 24hr circadia rhythm

Question 29

How are rods and cones distributes across retina?

Answer 29

rods- periphery of retina- highest concentration | cones-concentrated in macula-no rods

Question 30

Highest concentration of cones occur where?

Answer 30

center of macula- fovea centralis/fovea

Question 31

Site of sharpest vision

Answer 31

fovea

Question 32

line drawn from center of object through center of lense to fovea is

Answer 32

visual axis

Question 33

Rods and cones synapse with about 6 million neurons called ______

Answer 33

bipolar cells

Question 34

bipolar cells synapse with

Answer 34

ganglion cells

Question 35

ganglion cells are adjacent to (big structure)

Answer 35

posterior cavity

Question 36

Describe the connection level of horizontal cells and amacrine cells that facilitate or inhibit communication between photoreceptors and ganglion cells to alter retina sensitivity

Answer 36

horizontal cells: photoreceptors and bipolar cells | amacrine cells: bipolar cells and ganglion cells

Question 37

Axons from estimated 1 million galnglion cells converge on the ______

Answer 37

optic disc

Question 38

optic disc is a circular region _____ to the fovea

Answer 38

medial

Question 39

From the optic disc, the axons go to

Answer 39

diencephalon

Question 40

Optic disc is (vision)

Answer 40

blind spot

Question 41

Why don't you see blind spot in normal vision?

Answer 41

involuntary eye movements keep visual image moving and allow brain to fill in the missing info

Question 42

Posterior body also contains aqueous humor but ________ takes up most of the volume

Answer 42

vitreous body

Question 43

Aqueous humor passes from posterior to anterior chamber through _____

Answer 43

pupil

Question 44

Aqueous humor diffuses across ________

Answer 44

surface of retina

Question 45

aqueous humor forms by active secretion by epithelial cells of the _______

Answer 45

ciliary process in ciliary body

Question 46

aqueous humor function

Answer 46

carry nutrient and waste | fluid cushion

Question 47

fluid pressure stabilize position of ______

Answer 47

retina

Question 48

Intraocular pressure can be measured in the _________

Answer 48

anterior chamber

Question 49

Intraocular pressure checked by what method

Answer 49

applanation tonometry

Question 50

Aqueous humor filters through network of connective tissue located

Answer 50

near the base of iris

Question 51

After passing through the base of the iris, the aqueous humor enters

Answer 51

scleral venous sinus/canal of Schlemm

Question 52

Where does aqueous humor go after scleral venous sinus?

Answer 52

collecting channels deliver it to veins in the sclera

Question 53

Specialized cells embedded in the vitreous body produce ___________ and __________ that account for the gelatinous consistency of this mass

Answer 53

collagen fibers, proteoglycan

Question 54

When is vitreous body formed?

Answer 54

during development of the eye - not replaced