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Chapter1_Agricultural_Development_Flashcards

1
Q

What is agriculture?

A

Agriculture includes human activities involved in producing raw food and fiber commodities, encompassing farming, processing, transportation, storage, and marketing.

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2
Q

What are the primary roles of agriculture in economic development?

A

Providing food, raw materials, employment, foreign exchange, and contributing to the GDP.

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3
Q

What percentage of the GDP did agriculture contribute in 2002 in Nigeria?

A

Agriculture contributed about 41% to Nigeria’s GDP in 2002.

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4
Q

Why is local food production critical for Nigeria?

A

It ensures food security, reduces import dependency, and addresses foreign exchange constraints.

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5
Q

How does agriculture support industrial growth?

A

By supplying raw materials like cocoa, rubber, and oil-palm to agro-industries.

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6
Q

What are the main cash crops exported from Nigeria?

A

Cocoa, rubber, and oil-palm.

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7
Q

What is the Land Use Act of 1978?

A

A decree that vests land ownership in the state to make land more accessible for agricultural productivity.

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8
Q

What is land tenure?

A

The system governing the ownership, use, and allocation of land within a society.

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9
Q

What is the significance of the River Basin Development Authorities?

A

They manage water resources for irrigation and support agricultural productivity.

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10
Q

What is Operation Feed the Nation (OFN)?

A

A government program initiated in 1976 to increase food production and reduce food imports.

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11
Q

What are the impacts of rural-urban migration on agriculture?

A

Loss of young labor force, leaving an aging workforce and reducing productivity.

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12
Q

What are the constraints of the land tenure system in Nigeria?

A

Fragmentation of land, communal ownership, and limited access for enterprising farmers.

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13
Q

What is agricultural land conservation?

A

The sustainable use and management of land resources to ensure long-term productivity.

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14
Q

What are examples of stock resources?

A

Coal, petroleum, and metals, which are non-renewable resources.

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15
Q

What are flow resources in agriculture?

A

Resources like sunlight and water that are continuously available.

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16
Q

What is crop rotation?

A

A farming practice of alternating crops in the same field to maintain soil fertility and reduce pests.

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17
Q

What is the role of fertilizers in agriculture?

A

To replenish soil nutrients and enhance crop yields.

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18
Q

How does agriculture provide employment opportunities?

A

By employing a large portion of the population in farming, processing, and distribution.

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19
Q

What is the significance of rural development in agriculture?

A

Improves living standards and provides infrastructure like roads and electricity to rural communities.

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20
Q

What is the effect of inadequate infrastructure on agriculture?

A

It hinders transportation, storage, and access to markets, reducing productivity.

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21
Q

What are composite resources?

A

Resources with characteristics of both stock and flow, such as soil and man-made infrastructure.

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22
Q

What is the role of irrigation in agriculture?

A

Ensures consistent water supply for crops, especially in arid regions.

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23
Q

What are some traditional farming challenges?

A

Low productivity, manual labor reliance, and limited access to technology.

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24
Q

What is agroforestry?

A

The integration of trees and crops in farming to improve productivity and environmental sustainability.

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25
How does deforestation impact agriculture?
Leads to loss of biodiversity, soil erosion, and reduced rainfall.
26
What is the importance of pest control?
Prevents crop damage, reduces losses, and ensures higher yields.
27
What is the relationship between agriculture and food security?
Agriculture ensures a stable supply of affordable and nutritious food.
28
What is fallow rotation?
Allowing land to rest and regenerate nutrients by leaving it uncultivated for a period.
29
What is afforestation?
Planting trees to restore deforested land and improve environmental conditions.
30
How does soil erosion affect agriculture?
Reduces soil fertility and leads to lower crop yields.
31
What is integrated farming?
Combining crop and livestock production to optimize resource use and productivity.
32
What is the significance of agricultural research?
Develops new technologies and practices to improve productivity and sustainability.
33
What are the impacts of post-harvest losses?
Reduces farmers' incomes and affects food availability.
34
How does agriculture support foreign exchange earnings?
Through the export of cash crops and other agricultural products.
35
What is the role of subsidies in agriculture?
Makes inputs like fertilizers and seeds affordable for small-scale farmers.
36
What is organic farming?
A method of farming that avoids synthetic inputs and focuses on natural processes.
37
What is the impact of population growth on agriculture?
Increases demand for food and puts pressure on land resources.
38
What is sustainable agriculture?
Farming practices that meet current needs without compromising future generations.
39
What are examples of non-agricultural land use?
Industrial development, urbanization, and mining.
40
What is land fragmentation?
The division of land into smaller plots, often reducing productivity.
41
What are the benefits of mechanized farming?
Increases efficiency, reduces labor, and boosts productivity.
42
What is the impact of poor storage facilities?
Leads to spoilage and loss of harvested crops.
43
What are agricultural inputs?
Materials like seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides used in farming.
44
What is the significance of rural sociology in agriculture?
Helps understand rural communities to plan effective agricultural interventions.
45
What is the importance of agricultural education?
Empowers farmers with knowledge and skills to improve productivity.
46
What is the role of agricultural cooperatives?
Enables farmers to pool resources and access markets and inputs.
47
What is the impact of climate change on agriculture?
Affects rainfall patterns, crop yields, and overall productivity.
48
What are the principles of land conservation?
Protecting soil, preventing erosion, and maintaining fertility for future use.
49
What is the role of agricultural extension services?
Provides farmers with knowledge and tools to improve productivity.
50
What are cash crops?
Crops grown for sale rather than personal consumption, like cocoa and rubber.
51
What is food self-sufficiency?
A nation's ability to produce enough food for its population without relying on imports.
52
What are the benefits of crop diversification?
Reduces risks, improves soil health, and increases income sources for farmers.
53
What are some strategies to improve agricultural productivity?
Adopting modern techniques, providing credit, and improving infrastructure.
54
What is mixed farming?
Combining crop and livestock farming on the same land for efficiency.
55
What are some challenges of rain-fed agriculture?
Dependence on rainfall makes it vulnerable to climate variability.
56
What is precision agriculture?
Using technology to optimize farming practices and increase efficiency.
57
What are some benefits of backyard gardening?
Improves food security, provides fresh produce, and saves money.
58
What is agricultural marketing?
The process of selling and distributing farm products to consumers.
59
What is the role of agricultural policies?
To guide and support the development of the agricultural sector.
60
What are agro-allied industries?
Industries that rely on agricultural products, like feed mills and beverage manufacturers.
61
What is subsistence farming?
Farming to meet the food needs of the farmer's family, with little surplus for sale.
62
What is the significance of the Green Revolution?
Boosted agricultural production through modern inputs and techniques.
63
What are some examples of renewable natural resources in agriculture?
Soil, water, forests, and biodiversity.
64
What is the impact of globalization on agriculture?
Opens new markets but increases competition for local farmers.
65
What is the role of public-private partnerships in agriculture?
Combines resources and expertise to improve agricultural outcomes.
66
What are the benefits of value addition in agriculture?
Increases product worth, creates jobs, and boosts farmer income.
67
What is agroecology?
An approach to farming that integrates ecological principles and social values.
68
What are the environmental impacts of overgrazing?
Leads to soil degradation, loss of vegetation, and reduced biodiversity.
69
What is the role of women in agriculture?
They contribute significantly to farming activities, especially in rural areas.
70
What are some examples of emerging agricultural technologies?
Drones, precision farming tools, and genetically modified crops.
71
What is land reclamation?
Restoring degraded or unused land for agricultural use.
72
What are the benefits of crop-livestock integration?
Provides manure for crops and feed for livestock, enhancing productivity.
73
What is the importance of water management in agriculture?
Ensures efficient use of water resources for irrigation and sustainability.
74
What are the impacts of deforestation on water resources?
Reduces water availability and affects rainfall patterns.
75
What is agricultural mechanization?
The use of machinery to perform agricultural tasks, increasing efficiency and output.
76
What are the key elements of sustainable land use?
Balancing productivity, environmental health, and social equity.
77
What are the challenges of small-scale farming?
Limited access to credit, markets, and modern technologies.
78
What is the role of research in agricultural development?
Drives innovation, improves techniques, and addresses challenges.
79
What is the impact of pests on crop production?
Significant crop losses and reduced farmer income.
80
What are some examples of sustainable farming practices?
Crop rotation, organic farming, and integrated pest management.
81
What are the benefits of local food production?
Enhances food security, reduces transportation costs, and supports local economies.
82
What is the importance of biodiversity in agriculture?
Ensures resilience to pests, diseases, and environmental changes.
83
What is the impact of land degradation on agriculture?
Reduces productivity, leading to lower food supply and income.
84
What are the benefits of rural infrastructure development?
Improves market access, reduces post-harvest losses, and enhances productivity.
85
What is the role of government subsidies in agriculture?
Supports farmers by reducing the cost of inputs like seeds and fertilizers.
86
What are the main objectives of the Land Use Act?
Facilitating equitable land access and promoting efficient land use for agriculture.
87
What are the components of an effective pest management system?
Monitoring, prevention, and control methods.
88
What is the significance of agricultural trade?
Boosts economic growth, creates jobs, and earns foreign exchange.
89
What are the challenges of large-scale farming?
High initial costs, need for technical expertise, and environmental concerns.
90
What is the role of cooperatives in agricultural marketing?
Provides collective bargaining power and improves access to markets.
91
What are the impacts of poor road infrastructure on agriculture?
Increases transportation costs and reduces farmers' access to markets.

GES 105 (10 decks)

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