Chapter21

Question 1

The immune system provides

Answer 1

protection to disease

Question 2

the immune system is made of two intrinsic systems

Answer 2

Innate and Adaptive

Question 3

The innate constitutes

Answer 3

the First and second line of defense

Question 4

the first line of defense makes up

Answer 4

the external body membranes (skin and mucosal)

Question 5

The second line of defense

Answer 5

antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes and other cells

Inflammation is the most important mechanism

Question 6

The adaptive system proved

Answer 6

the third line of defense

Question 7

The third line of defense attacks

Answer 7

Particular foreign substances

Question 8

The innate system uses the first and second line of defense mechanisms to stop attacks by

Answer 8

Pathogens

Question 9

Surface barriers are skin and mucous membranes along with their secretion which are

Answer 9

physical barrier to most microorganism
Keratin is resistant to weak acids and bases, bacterial enzymes and toxins
Mucosae provide similar mechanical barriers

Question 10

Protective chemicals produced by the skin and mucous include

Answer 10

Acid: acidity of skin and some mucous secretions inhibits growth; called acid mantle
Enzymes: lysozyme of saliva, respiratory mucus, and lacrimal fluid kills many microorganisms; enzymes in stomach kill many microorganism
Mucin: sticky mucus that lines digestive and respiratory tract
Defensins
Other chemicals

Question 11

Defensins are defined as

Answer 11

antimicrobial peptides that inhibit microbial growth

Question 12

Other chemicals that are produced by the skin would include

Answer 12

lipids in sebum and dermicidin in sweat are toxic to some bacteria