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Medical Terminology Vett 118 > Chapter3 > Flashcards

Chapter3 Flashcards

1
Q

The musculoskeletal system consists of two systems that:

A

Work together to support the body and allow movement of an animal – the skeletal system and the muscular system.

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2
Q

Functions of red bone marrow:

A

Forms red blood cells, white blood cells and clotting cells.

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3
Q

Cartilage

A

Protects the ends of bones where they contact each other. Also found in the ear and nose.

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4
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bone allowing animals to move

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5
Q

Ligaments

A

Connects bone to bone which supports joints

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6
Q

The skeletal system consists of

A

Bones, cartilage, joints, ligaments and tendons

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7
Q

Connective tissue

A

A type of tissue in which the proportion of cells to extracellular matrix is small. It binds together and supports various structures of the body. Bones, tendons, ligaments and cartilage are all connective tissues associated with the skeletal system.

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8
Q

Ossification

A

Formation of bone from fibrous tissue

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9
Q

epi-

A

Above

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10
Q

physis

A

Growth

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11
Q

dia-

A

Between

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12
Q

peri-

A

Surrounding

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13
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone

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14
Q

-um

A

Structure

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15
Q

endo-

A

Within or inner

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16
Q

meta-

A

Beyond

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17
Q

Cortical bone

A

Hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone.

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18
Q

Cortex in Latin means:

A

Bark or shall

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19
Q

Cancellus bone

A

Lighter, less strong bone that is found in the ends and in your portions of long bones.

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20
Q

Cancellous bone is also called:

A

Spongy bone

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21
Q

Cancellous in Latin means:

A

Latticework

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22
Q

Epiphysis

A

Wide end of a long bone, covered with articular Cartlidge, composed of cancellous bone.

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23
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone, composed mainly of compact bone.

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24
Q

Physis

A

Cartilage segment of long bones that involves growth of the bone.

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25
Physis is also called:
Growth plate or epiphyseal cartilage
26
Metaphysis
Wider part of a long bone shaft located adjacent to the physis. Considered part of the epiphysis in adult animals
27
Periosteum
Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone.
28
Endosteum
Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the lining of the medullary cavity
29
Bone classification:
``` Long bones Short bones Flat bones Pneumatic bones Irregular bones Sesamoid bones ```
30
Long bones:
Consists of a shaft, two ends and a marrow cavity.
31
Short bones:
Cube-shaped with no marrow cavity
32
Flat bones
Thin, flat bones
33
Pneumatic bones:
Sinus-containing bones
34
Irregular bones
Unpaired bones such as vertebrae
35
Sesamoid bones:
Small bones in bedded in a tendon, such as the patella
36
Bone growth is balance between the actions of:
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
37
Osteoblasts:
Immature bone cells that produce bony tissue
38
Osteoclasts:
Phagocytic cells that eat away bony tissue from the medullary cavity of a bone
39
When osteoblasts mature they become:
Osteocytes
40
Red bone marrow is hematopoietic: Meaning is
Produces red blood cells, white blood cells and clotting cells
41
The medullary cavity of bone
Contains yellow bone marrow. In adults it replaces red bone marrow. It is composed mainly of fat cells and serves as a fat storage area.
42
Bone is divided into different categories based on:
Bone types, shapes and functions.
43
Cartilage is more elastic then bone. This:
Elasticity makes it useful in the more flexible portions of the skeleton.
44
Articular Cartilage
Covers the joint surfaces of bone
45
Meniscus
A curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints that cushions force is applied to the joint.
46
Joints or articulations
Connections between bones.
47
Articulate means:
To join in a way that allows motion between the parts.
48
arthr/o
Combining form for joint
49
Joints are classified based on their:
Function and degree of movement
50
Synarthroses
Allow no movement
51
Amphiarthroses
Allow slight movement
52
Diarthroses
Allow free movement
53
Fontanelle
A soft spot remaining at the junction of sutures that usually closes after birth
54
Symphysis
Join to where two bones join and are held firmly together so that they function as one bone. Another term for it is cartilaginous joint
55
Mandibular symphysis
Habs of the mandible fuse at a synthesis to form one bone
56
Pubic symphysis
Halves of the pelvis also fuse at a symphysis
57
Bursae and synovial joints have an inner lining called the:
Synovial membrane
58
Synovial membrane
Acts as a lubricant to make joint movement smooth.
59
Synovi/o
Combining form for synovial membrane and synovial fluid
60
Axial skeleton
The framework of the body that includes the scull, auditory ossicles, hyoid bones, vertebral column, ribs and sternum.
61
Appendicular skeleton
Consists of the extremities, shoulders and pelvic griddle
62
Cranium
Portion of the skull that encloses the brain
63
The cranium consist of the following bones:
``` Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid Incisive Pterygoid ```
64
Frontal bone
Forms the roof of the cranial cavity or front or cranial portion of the scull
65
Parietal
Paired bones that form the roof of the caudal cranial cavity
66
Occipital bone
Forms the caudal aspect of the cranial cavity where the foramen magnum is located
67
Foramen means:
An opening in bone through which tissue passes.
68
Magnum means:
Large
69
Temporal bone
Paired bones that form the sides and base of the cranium
70
Sphenoid
Paired bones that form part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the bony eye socket
71
Ethmoid
Forms the rostral part of the cranial cavity
72
Incisive
Forms the rostral part of the hard palate and lower edge of the nares
73
Pterygoid
Forms the lateral wall of the nasopharynx
74
Sinuses
Air- or fluid-filled spaces in the scull
75
Zygomatic
Projects from the temporal and frontal bones to form the cheekbone
76
Maxilla
Forms the upper jaw
77
Mandible
Forms the lower jaw
78
Palatine
Forms part of the hard palate
79
Lacrimal
Forms the medial part of the orbit
80
Indecisive
Forms the rostral part of the hard palate and lower edge of the nares
81
Nasal
Is the bridge of the nose
82
Vomer
Forms the base of the nasal septum
83
Hyoid
Bone suspended between the mandible and the laryngopharynx

Medical Terminology Vett 118 (1 decks)

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