chapter3 DSM

Question 1

diagnosis

Answer 1

identification of the nature of the disorder

Question 2

clinical assessment

Answer 2

the process of obtaining relevant information and making a judgment about mental illness based on the information

Question 3

diagnostic classification system

Answer 3

-Predicts the disorder’s future course

Question 4

3 benefits of classification systems

Answer 4

1) patients to be able to put a name to their experiences and to learn that they are not alone;

Question 5

classification system drawbacks

Answer 5

(1) They can be subject to diagnostic bias—perhaps on the basis of the patient’s sex@ race@ or ethnicity; and

Question 6

diagnostic bias

Answer 6

a systematic error in diagnosis

Question 7

reliability

Answer 7

A property of classification systems (or measures) that consistently produce the same results.

Question 8

problems from reliability come from two main reasons

Answer 8

the criteria for disorders are unclear

Question 9

Validity

Answer 9

A property of classification systems (or measures) that actually characterize what they are supposed to characterize.

Question 10

prognosis

Answer 10

The likely course and outcome of a disorder.

Question 11

prevalence

Answer 11

number of ppl who have the disorder

Question 12

incidence

Answer 12

number of new cases identified in a given period

Question 13

ICD

Answer 13

international classification of diseases

Question 14

DSM-5

Answer 14

the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders@ Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

Question 15

how was the dsm 3 different

Answer 15

did not rest on the psychodynamic theory

Question 16

Comorbidity

Answer 16

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual

Question 17

22 categories of mental disorders

Answer 17

Neurodevelopmental DisordersSchizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic DisordersBipolar and Related DisordersDepressive DisordersAnxiety DisordersObsessive-Compulsive and Related DisordersTrauma- and Stressor-Related DisordersDissociative DisordersSomatic Symptom and Related DisordersFeeding and Eating DisordersElimination DisordersSleep-Wake DisordersSexual DysfunctionsGender DysphoriaDisruptive@ Impulse Control@ and Conduct DisordersSubstance-Related and Addictive DisordersNeurocognitive DisordersPersonality DisorderswParaphilic DisordersOther Mental DisordersMedication-Induced Movement Disorders and Other Adverse Effects of MedicationOther Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention

Question 18

unscientific

Answer 18

NIMH

Question 19

how is the dsm 5 unscientific

Answer 19

Proposed diagnoses and criteria were not adequately field-tested

Question 20

clinical psychologist

Answer 20

A mental health professional who has a doctoral degree that requires several years of related coursework and several years of treating patients while receiving supervision from experienced clinicians.

Question 21

counseling psychologist

Answer 21

A mental health professional who has either a Ph.D. degree from a psychology program that focuses on counseling or an Ed.D. degree from a school of education.

Question 22

psychiatrist

Answer 22

A mental health professional who has an M.D. degree and has completed a residency that focuses on mental disorders.

Question 23

psychiatric nurse

Answer 23

A mental health professional who has an M.S.N. degree@ plus a C.S. certificate in psychiatric nursing.

Question 24

social worker

Answer 24

A mental health professional who has an M.S.W. degree and may have had training to provide psychotherapy to help individuals and families.

Question 25

Hare's Psychopathy Checklist

Answer 25

interpersonal features

Question 26

is diagnosis helpful

Answer 26

One argument for the use of diagnosis is that if people with common symptoms can be grouped together@ then perhaps some common experience in their lives may also be found that explains their functioning. In addition@ diagnostic categories facilitate communication—that is@ a single word can convey symptoms@ treatment@ and prognosis.

Question 27

two main approaches for diagnosis

Answer 27

categorical and

Question 28

three main categories that underlie neuropsychosocial model

Answer 28

neurological and other biological factors (i.e.@ the structure and functioning of brain and body)@

Question 29

four main methods

Answer 29

structural brain imaging

Question 30

structural brain imaging

Answer 30

provides information about the basic structure of the brain and allows clinicians or researchers to see abnormalities in brain structure

Question 31

CT scan

Answer 31

A neuroimaging technique that uses X-rays to build a three-dimensional image (CT or CAT scan) of the brain.

Question 32

Magnetic resonance imaging

Answer 32

A neuroimaging technique that creates especially sharp images of the brain by measuring the magnetic properties of atoms in the brain.

Question 33

functional brain imaging

Answer 33

fmri

Question 34

PET scan

Answer 34

A neuroimaging technique that measures blood flow (or energy consumption) in the brain and requires introducing a very small amount of a radioactive substance into the bloodstream.

Question 35

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer 35

A neuroimaging technique that uses MRI to obtain images of brain functioning@ which reveal the extent to which different brain areas are activated during particular tasks.

Question 36

neuropsychological testing

Answer 36

The employment of assessment techniques that use behavioral responses to test items in order to draw inferences about brain functioning.

Question 37

neurotransmitter and hormos

Answer 37

used mainly in research

Question 38

3 types

Answer 38

A meeting between clinician and patient during which the clinician asks questions related to the patient's symptoms and functioning.

Question 39

behavior and its four categories

Answer 39

appearance

Question 40

patient self report

Answer 40

Thus@ the patient's own report of his or her experiences is a crucial part of the clinical assessment.

Question 41

Malingering

Answer 41

Intentional false reporting of symptoms or exaggeration of existing symptoms@ either for material gain or to avoid unwanted events.

Question 42

factitious disorder

Answer 42

A psychological disorder marked by the false reporting or inducing of medical or psychological symptoms in order to receive attention

Question 43

semistructured interview

Answer 43

An interview in which questions are posed in a standardized yet flexible way.

Question 44

main advantage to unstructured interview

Answer 44

allows clinicaiton to pursue issues and topics specific to the patient

Question 45

cognitive assessment

Answer 45

measures how well an individual solves problems@ interprets information and recalls information

Question 46

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Answer 46

verbal comprehension (i.e.@ the ability to understand verbal information);

Question 47

personality assessment inventories

Answer 47

in order to assess general personality functioning@ a clinician may use an -inventory—

Question 48

most common inventory used

Answer 48

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Question 49

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Answer 49

the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests. Originally developed to identify emotional disorders (still considered its most appropriate use)@ this test is now used for many other screening purposes.

Question 50

projective tests: TAT & Rorschach

Answer 50

A tool for personality assessment in which the patient is presented with ambiguous stimuli (such as inkblots or stick figures) and is asked to make sense of and explain them.

Question 51

Three social factors to assess

Answer 51

family functioning

Question 52

family adaptability and cohesion scale

Answer 52

how mental illness affects family dynamics

Question 53

assessment as an interactive process

Answer 53

Mental health researchers and clinicians learn about patients from assessing psychological and social factors and@ to a lesser extent@ neurological and other biological factors. Information about each type of factor should not be considered in isolation but rather should influence how the clinician understands the other types of information.