Chapter9:the Platainton Of Ulster And The Growth Of Towns Flashcards
(9 cards)
How successful was the Plantation?
From the point of view of the English Government, the Ulster Plantation was more successful than the plantations of Laois-Offaly or Munster.
(i) It increased the influence of English law, the English language and English farming methods (growing crops in fields) in Ulster.
(ii) It ensured a loyal population. (iii) It spread the Protestant religion.
Features of the New town ?
They were laid out with straight, wide streets. They had a central square or diamond, where the courthouse or church was built and markets were held.
The towns were surrounded by stone walls.
What were estate towns?
In the 18th century, some landlords developed estate towns. These were planned towns with wide streets and a green area. The town was connected to the Big House of the landlord at one end, and a Protestant church at the other end.
• An example of these towns is
Kenmare, Co. Kerry. The Earl of Shelburne built it in the 1770s. The wide streets crossed as an X, and the town had a marketplace, a mill, a school and a jail.
• These estate towns were centres of English influence and culture.
Vikings in 8th and 9th centuries?
During the 8th and 9th centuries, Vikings initially raided monasteries near Ireland’s coast and rivers. They later established winter encampments that evolved into towns like Dublin, Cork, and Waterford. These Viking settlements were fortified with timber walls for defense and engaged in trading with Europe.
They brought Norse language, pagan religion, and introduced words like
“margadh” into the Irish language, eventually integrating with Gaelic Irish society.
Anglo-Norman towns in 12th century
The Normans (or Anglo-Normans) established Viking towns and created over 50 new towns in medieval times.
New towns were near monasteries, castles, rivers, or coast. Examples: Kilkenny, Trim, Athenry, Fethard.
Norman towns had royal charters for trade and taxes, with markets for local goods. Walls, gates for defense. Initial French speakers, later English influence.
Conflicts based on identity
The divisions between Catholic Irish and Scottish and English planters led to conflicts over centuries. In 1649, Cromwell retaliated for the 1641 Massacre by conquering Ireland, favoring Protestant landowners through a plantation. This created a Protestant Ascendancy that controlled Catholics and Presbyterians with Penal Laws. In 1688, Catholic King James II was replaced by Protestant Mary and William of Orange. The Siege of Derry in 1689 saw “No Surrender!” cry by garrison, commemorated annually. William’s victory over James at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 is celebrated on 12 July. Later, divisions over Irish independence saw sectarian riots, founding of Northern Ireland, and the Troubles from the 1960s onwards.
Name some reasons for the beginning of The Ulster Plantation
• He wanted to create a loyal and Protestant population.
• He wanted to protect England. He did not want other countries, such as Spain and France, using Ireland as a base from which to attack England.
• He wanted to spread the Protestant religion in Ireland because he thought
Catholics would be disloyal to the Crown.
• He thought that English culture was superior to Irish Gaelic culture.
• He wanted to gain money for the Crown from rents.
Name some reasons for why the Munster Plantation failed.
A wealthy Protestant
minority who controlled large estates was established. But fewer planters came than expected so overall the plantation was a failure.
Give examples of new Plantation towns in Ulster. .
Coleraine in Co. Derry,
Letterkenny in Co. Donegal
