Sumer Exam-American Revolution

Question 1

How many colonies had English settlers established in North America by the middle of the 18th century?

Answer 1

13 colonies

Question 2

Who ruled the 13 colonies?

Answer 2

Great Britain

Question 3

What was the role of the governor in each colony?

Answer 3

Representing the King or Queen of England

Question 4

What type of government did each colony have?

Answer 4

Its own assembly

Question 5

Where did the 13 colonies stretch along?

Answer 5

The Atlantic coastline

Question 6

What was the population of the 13 colonies in 1770?

Answer 6

2.5 million

Question 7

By how much did the population of the 13 colonies grow between 1750 and 1770?

Answer 7

Almost doubling

Question 8

Fill in the blank: The colonies were countries taken over by other countries and were ruled by _______.

Answer 8

[Great Britain]

Question 9

What were the Navigation Acts?

Answer 9

Laws that stated some American products could only be sold through England

Examples include sugar, cotton, and tobacco.

Question 10

What was the purpose of the Navigation Acts?

Answer 10

To control the colonies and benefit England

Question 11

What was a consequence of the Navigation Acts?

Answer 11

Widespread smuggling by Americans

Question 12

What was the Seven Years’ War?

Answer 12

A conflict (1756-63) between Britain and France, with American involvement

Question 13

What was the impact of the Seven Years’ War on British national debt?

Answer 13

Increased the national debt

Question 14

What did the British insist after the Seven Years’ War?

Answer 14

That Americans must be taxed to cover war costs

Question 15

What was the Quartering Act?

Answer 15

An act requiring towns to provide housing and food for British soldiers

Question 16

What did the Sugar Act impose?

Answer 16

A tax on sugar imports

Question 17

What was the reaction of Americans to the Sugar Act?

Answer 17

Some Americans said that there should be no taxation on them without their consent.

Question 18

What was the Stamp Act?

Answer 18

A law requiring Americans to pay for stamped newspapers and legal documents

Question 19

What was the slogan associated with American opposition to British taxes?

Answer 19

‘No taxation without representation’

Question 20

Who organized against the Stamp Act?

Answer 20

The Sons of Liberty

Question 21

What actions did the Sons of Liberty take against the Stamp Act?

Answer 21

Burned stamps and attacked stamp officials

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The Navigation Acts led to widespread _______.

Answer 22

smuggling

Question 23

True or False: The Quartering Act required Americans to pay for British soldiers’ housing and food.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The Stamp Act was passed in _______.

Answer 24

1765

Question 25

What was the primary purpose of the Sugar Act?

Answer 25

To generate revenue through taxation

Question 26

What imported good was taxed by Britain, leading to resistance in Boston?

Answer 26

Britain next imposed taxes (duties) on a number of imported goods, including tea.

Question 27

Which city became the centre of resistance to British taxes?

Answer 27

Boston became the centre of resistance to these taxes.

Question 28

What happened to customs officials in Boston?

Answer 28

Customs officials were tarred and feathered.

Question 29

What did Patriots do to British soldiers during protests in Boston?

Answer 29

Protesters in the city, who called themselves Patriots, shouted at and threw objects, including stones and snowballs, at British soldiers.

Question 30

What was the result of the soldiers opening fire in Boston?

Answer 30

The soldiers opened fire and killed five people in what became known as the Boston Massacre.

Question 31

How were the funerals of the Boston Massacre victims used?

Answer 31

The funerals of the five people were used for huge political demonstrations.

Question 32

How did the Sons of Liberty use the Boston Massacre?

Answer 32

The Sons of Liberty used the Boston Massacre to spread opposition to Britain in other parts of the 13 colonies.

Question 33

What special privilege did the East India Company receive from the British Government?

Answer 33

The British Government then allowed the East India Company to sell tea directly to the Americans without tax

Question 34

Why did the American tea importers protest against the East India Company?

Answer 34

American tea importers had to pay tax, unlike the East India Company.

Question 35

What happened during the Boston Tea Party in December 1773?

Answer 35

Americans disguised as Native Americans dumped 342 crates of tea from British ships into Boston Harbour.

Question 36

Who organised the Boston Tea Party?

Answer 36

The Boston Tea Party, as it was called, was organised by the Sons of Liberty.

Question 37

What was the British Government’s response to the Boston Tea Party?

Answer 37

It resulted in the British Government imposing the Intolerable Acts on Boston.

Question 38

What did the Intolerable Acts include?

Answer 38

These Acts included closing the port of Boston until the East India Company had been repaid for the spilt tea.

Question 39

What was the effect of the Boston Tea Party on the colonies?

Answer 39

These events resulted in people, not only in Boston, but also in other colonies, being prepared to resist Britain.

Question 40

What were the two opposing groups among the American people regarding Britain?

Answer 40

Loyalists vs Patriots.

Question 41

What percentage of Americans were Loyalists and what did they support?

Answer 41

Loyalists, who numbered between 15 per cent and 20 per cent of the people, supported Britain

Question 42

What did Patriots want in relation to Britain?

Answer 42

Patriots went from opposing British taxes to demanding complete independence from Britain.

Question 43

How many Patriots fought against the British, and where were they strongest?

Answer 43

Up to 50,000 of them fought on the side of the British Army. They were strongest in Boston but were spread over the 13 colonies.

Question 44

In which city were Loyalists particularly strong?

Answer 44

New York was one city where loyalists were very strong

Question 45

What event began to spark off the American Revolution?

Answer 45

When the British commander, General Gage, heard that the Americans were storing strong weapons and ammunition in Concord, a small town north of Boston, his reaction led to the incidents that sparked off the American Revolution or American War of Independence.

Question 46

How many British troops were sent to Concord, and why?

Answer 46

800 British troops were sent to destroy the arms dump.

Question 47

Where did the first clashes of the American Revolution occur?

Answer 47

There were clashes between the British and the American colonists in Lexington Green and in Concord.

Question 48

What were the first shots of the American Revolution?

Answer 48

These were the first shots of the American Revolution.

Question 49

What effect did the Battle of Bunker Hill have on the Americans?

Answer 49

n spite of losing, the inexperienced Americans were boosted by how well they had fought against the professional British Army.

Question 50

Who was Tom Paine and what did he write?

Answer 50

Tom Paine was an English-born writer who settled in America. He published Common Sense in early 1776 before the Declaration of Independence.

Question 51

What was the impact of Common Sense?

Answer 51

It was an instant bestseller.

Question 52

What did Tom Paine argue in Common Sense?

Answer 52

Tom Paine said Americans should expect nothing from Britain. Instead, Americans should throw off the control of a 'vicious monarchy

Question 53

What were the Continental Congresses and where were they held?

Answer 53

Meanwhile, the colonists held two Continental Congresses in Philadelphia, made up of representatives of the 13 colonies.

Question 54

What historic document did the Continental Congress pass?

Answer 54

The Continental Congress passed the Declaration of Independence on 4 July 1776.

Question 55

Why is the Declaration of Independence significant?

Answer 55

This is the most famous document in American history, and it marked the final break with Britain.

Question 56

Which countries supported the Americans against Britain?

Answer 56

Britain was faced by the Americans supported by France, Spain and the Netherlands.

Question 57

What did Americans believe about their cause?

Answer 57

The Americans believed their own cause was just.

Question 58

How did American Patriots win the propaganda battle?

Answer 58

The American Patriots won the battle of propaganda. They painted the King of England and the British Government as cruel and heartless.

Question 59

How did Britain respond after the Battle of Yorktown?

Answer 59

In contrast, Britain gave up easily after losing the Battle of Yorktown.

Question 60

What role did George Washington play in American victory?

Answer 60

The Americans, led by George Washington, kept going even though they were on the brink of losing several times. Washington was very determined not to give in.

Question 61

What tactics did American militia use to weaken the British Army?

Answer 61

The American Continental Army was helped by local militia who used hit and run tactics (guerrilla tactics) against the British Army.

Question 62

How did the American landscape affect the British Army?

Answer 62

The American landscape of woods and mountains did not suit the British Army

Question 63

What major event marked the beginning of the United States as a nation?

Answer 63

The United States of America was founded.