Chapter_13_anixiety and somatic disorders

Question 2

What are the primary types of anxiety disorders in DSM-5?

Answer 2

Panic disorder, phobias, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), OCD, PTSD.

Question 3

What neurotransmitters are involved in anxiety disorders?

Answer 3

Increased norepinephrine, decreased serotonin, decreased GABA.

Question 4

Which brain regions regulate anxiety?

Answer 4

Locus ceruleus, raphe nucleus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex.

Question 5

What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for anxiety disorders?

Answer 5

SSRIs such as fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram.

Question 6

What is the primary psychotherapy for anxiety disorders?

Answer 6

Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

Question 7

Which medication is used short-term for acute anxiety?

Answer 7

Benzodiazepines such as alprazolam and lorazepam.

Question 8

What is the hallmark symptom of panic disorder?

Answer 8

Recurrent unexpected panic attacks.

Question 9

What is agoraphobia?

Answer 9

Fear of situations where escape is difficult or help is unavailable.

Question 10

What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

Answer 10

Persistent excessive anxiety for more than 6 months.

Question 11

Which medication is used for performance anxiety?

Answer 11

Beta-blockers such as propranolol.

Question 12

What are obsessions in OCD?

Answer 12

Intrusive, unwanted thoughts causing distress.

Question 13

What are compulsions in OCD?

Answer 13

Repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety.

Question 14

What is the treatment for OCD?

Answer 14

SSRIs and exposure-response prevention therapy.

Question 15

What are the key symptoms of PTSD?

Answer 15

Intrusions (flashbacks), avoidance, hyperarousal, negative mood changes.

Question 16

What is the duration of symptoms for PTSD diagnosis?

Answer 16

Symptoms persist for more than 1 month.

Question 17

Which medication helps reduce PTSD-related nightmares?

Answer 17

Prazosin.

Question 18

How does acute stress disorder differ from PTSD?

Answer 18

Acute stress disorder symptoms last less than 1 month.

Question 19

What is adjustment disorder?

Answer 19

Emotional symptoms occurring within 3 months of a stressor and resolving within 6 months.

Question 20

What are somatic symptom disorders?

Answer 20

Conditions where physical symptoms cause distress without a clear medical cause.

Question 21

How does illness anxiety disorder differ from somatic symptom disorder?

Answer 21

Illness anxiety disorder is fear of having an illness without significant physical symptoms.

Question 22

What is conversion disorder?

Answer 22

Sudden loss of sensory or motor function without a medical explanation.

Question 23

What is factitious disorder?

Answer 23

Intentional production of symptoms without external incentives.

Question 24

How does malingering differ from factitious disorder?

Answer 24

Malingering involves symptom fabrication for external gain.

Question 25

What is the management of somatic symptom disorder?

Answer 25

Regular physician visits, CBT, and minimizing unnecessary procedures.

Question 26

What is the primary treatment for illness anxiety disorder?

Answer 26

Reassurance and cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 27

What is the primary management for conversion disorder?

Answer 27

Supportive therapy and behavioral therapy.

Question 28

How is malingering identified?

Answer 28

Identifying inconsistencies and evidence of secondary gain.

Question 29

Which disorder is characterized by excessive worry about multiple physical complaints?

Answer 29

Somatic symptom disorder.

Question 30

What therapy is most effective for phobias?

Answer 30

Exposure therapy and systematic desensitization.

Question 31

What are the key features of social anxiety disorder?

Answer 31

Fear of social situations and scrutiny by others.

Question 32

Which medications are used for social anxiety disorder?

Answer 32

SSRIs, beta-blockers for performance anxiety.

Question 33

What is systematic desensitization?

Answer 33

Gradual exposure to feared stimuli while using relaxation techniques.

Question 34

What is the best initial treatment for acute panic attacks?

Answer 34

Benzodiazepines (short-term use).

Question 35

What is a common sleep disturbance seen in PTSD?

Answer 35

Frequent nightmares and insomnia.

Question 36

What is the gold standard treatment for PTSD?

Answer 36

Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).