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ENGR 202 > Chapters 1-2-12 > Flashcards

Chapters 1-2-12 Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

health effects classified as (3)

A

1) Acute
2) Chronic
3) carcinogen

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2
Q

CAA

A

Clean Air act

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3
Q

EPA

A

Environmental Protection Agency

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4
Q

NAAQS

A

National Ambient Air Quality Standards

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5
Q

SIPs

A

State Implementation Plans

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6
Q

List Air Pollutants

A

1) PM- mixture small liquid or solid particles in air
2) Sulfur Dioxide (S02)- released from combustion of coal MAY UNDERGO CHEMICAL REACTION CAUSING ACID RAIN
3) Carbon Monoxide- Fossil fuel burned
4) NO2- From fuel combustion- at hight temperature NO oxidizes and forms NO2
5) OZONE O3- transportation sector main source- oxidant- smog
6) Lead- Bioaccumulation… from smelting

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7
Q

HAPs

A

Hazardous air pollutants

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8
Q

MACT

A

Maximum Available control technology

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9
Q

TRI

A

toxic release inventory

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10
Q

What is stratospheric ozone depletion

A

stratosphere absorbs UV-B rays, but as halocarbons are emitted to the atmosphere, they reduce the amount of ozone and more UV-B pass

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11
Q

Explain Greenhouse gases

A

solar energy from sin at short wavelengths that are partially absorbed by earth’s surface. warmed surfaces radiate energy back and this energy gets trapped in the atmosphere at longer wavelengths. the balance of this phenomenon determines temperature

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12
Q

avg. temperature on earth

A

15

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13
Q

GWP

A

Global warming potential

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14
Q

Main Greenhouse gases

A

CO2- 85%
CH4- 10%
halocarbons, N20 (laughing gas), O3 (ozone)

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15
Q

Major Water contaminants (9)

A

1) Pathogens - bacteria, viruses
2) Organic Waste- Human waste & animal excrement…
3) Nutrients- Nitrogen & Phosphorus used in fertilizers and detergents increase quantity algae…. Depletion of dissolved oxygen
4) Toxic Organic Chemicals - PESTICIDES, VOCs
5) Toxic Metals- lead form old pipes
6) Suspended Solids- sun cant go through and vegetation cant survive
7) acidity- biological processes impaired
8) SALTS
9) Heat- biological processes impaired at high temperature

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16
Q

TSS

A

Total Suspended Solids

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17
Q

TDS

A

Total dissolved solids

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18
Q

SWDA

A

SAFE WATER DRINKING ACT, established by EPA

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19
Q

MCLs

A

Max. contaminant levels

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20
Q

FWPCA

A

Federal water Pollution Control Act

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21
Q

Name the 3 Obstacles to clean groundwater

A

1) Petroleum
2) Nitrates From Fertilizers
3) Abandoned Chemical Waste dumps

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22
Q

Hazardous wastes are described by:

A

1) IGNITABILITY
2) CORROSIVITY- STRONG ACID BASES
3) REACTIVITY- STRONG REACTIONS
4) TOXICITY- ABILITY TO THREATEN WATER AND SOIL

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23
Q

TCLP

A

toxicity characteristic Leaching procedure

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24
Q

CERCLA

A

comprehensive environmental response, compensation, liability act

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25
NON-HAZARDOUS WASTES
1) Trash 2) MSW- Municipal waste 3) Industrial wastes
26
AEC
Atomic Energy Commission
27
Name the 4 types of radioactive wastes
1) High lever---- MOST DANGEROUS 2) Transuranic -- HEAVIER THAN URANIUM, from weapon production 3) Low level (LLW)- 3 classes A,B,C---- C most dangerous 4) Uranium Mill tailings-- largest volume
28
What is climate??
"Average weather" over 30 year span.... determined by complex interactions of many factors
29
Heat flux
radiative energy per surface area ( FROM SUN)
30
Tropopause
Upper boundary of troposphere
31
what is radiative forcing?
delta F= delta q... depends on wavelength, speed and frequency...
32
what would be the temp. without greenhouse gases
-19
33
what is the climate sensitivity factor
ratio of final Temp. change to change in radiative forcing.... very important since it relates radiative forces linked to greenhouse to change in earth's temp.
34
Name the 4 factors that affect CO2 emissions growth
1) Population growth per year 2) GDP per Capita 3) Energy intensity... Energy used per GDP 4) CO2 emissions per unit energy... how energy is generated
35
what is carbon sequestration
natural ability of biomass to absorb CO2 form the atmosphere
36
main source CO2
burning fossil fuels
37
HHV
Higher heating value
38
LHV
Lower heating value
39
Environmental ENGR
study of engineering solutions to environment problems
40
what is industrial ecology
means by which humanity can approach and maintain a certain carrying capacity
41
Major gas emitted from landfill?
CH4--60%
42
Pollutants responsible for ground level Ozone
VOCs and NOx... enter in contact with sun rays and create chemical reaction
43
which are most energy? UV-C,B or A?
UV-C
44
Name the rays in order form strong to low
gamma- xrays- ultraviolet- visible light-infrared- microwaves-radio
45
Name activities impacting air quality
1) Fossil Fuel Combustion 2) Metal Smelting 3) Transportation 4) CFCs
46
Name activities impacting soil
1) deforestation 2) human wastes 3) agriculture 4) uranium mill tailings
47
Primary vs. Secondary water quality standards?
Primary: Designed to protect public health Secondary: guidelines for public welfare
48
Smoke vs. Smog?
Smoke: Gases from burning carbon containing elements Smog: Produced by the formation of O3, the reaction of so2 and nox in the atmosphere
49
wavelength for ultraviolet?
100nm
50
wavelength infrared?
10 micro meters
51
Avg. production of solid waste per capita per day
100kg
52
what is the atmospheric window?
In one small region of spectrum, where little absortion occurs. radiation from earth go directly through atmosphere
53
Advantage of Biomass energy?
Produces almost no SO2 and helps with acid rain
54
carbon content of natural gas?
74%
55
Carbon content of crude oil?
85%
56
carbon content of coal?
59%
57
What are the two modes of radiative Forcing?
1) Increased Solar Energy input | 2) increased aerosol particles
58
BOD
Biological oxygen demand
59
COD
Chemical Oxygen Demand
60
VOC
Volatile Organic COmpound
61
RCRA
Resource conservation and recovery act
62
IPCC
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
63
CFC
Chlorofluorocarbon
64
What is Green Engineering
thinking about the consequences of Processes and materials and energy use before designing to minimize environmental impact

ENGR 202 (1 decks)

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