Chapters 1-3

Question 1

Biological Psychology

Answer 1

the study of biological bases of psychological processes and behaviors

Question 2

Neuroscience

Answer 2

study of the nervous system

Question 3

Descartes

Answer 3

explained animal behavior like a machine, proposed that spinal reflexes and neural pathways are related to the brain, proposed the pineal gland as the connection between mind and body

Question 4

Dualism

Answer 4

material body and non material mind

Question 5

Phrenology

Answer 5

assigned separate functions to cortical areas, bumps on the skill were seen as larger brain regions that drove interest and skills

Question 6

Paul Broca

Answer 6

first showed that language ability is specialized to one small region of the brain, studied brain injury side affects on different brain parts

Question 7

Brain Stem

Answer 7

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, goes downward forming the spinal cord

Question 7

Hebb

Answer 7

found neuronal connections/changes of neural pathways through learning, had the Hebbian Synapses named after him

Question 7

Nervous System

Answer 7

complex network of nerves that carry messages through the entire body

Question 8

Brain

Answer 8

organ of soft tissue, functions as the coordinating center of sensation and intellectual activity, held within the skull

Question 9

Central Nervous System

Answer 9

controls activity of the body through the brain, spinal cord, and brain stem, tells peripheral what to do

Question 10

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 10

connects central NS to the limbs and organs, carries out actions, nerves and ganglia outside of the spinal cord, divided into autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system

Question 11

Motor Neurons

Answer 11

inside the spinal cord

Question 11

White Matter

Answer 11

myelinated axons, allows for fast transmission of signals

Question 11

Skull

Answer 11

protects the brain, anchors the scalp and face muscles, protects nerves and vessels that go to the brain, protects the eyes, protects the brain from injuries like concussions

Question 12

Spinal Cord

Answer 12

circular bundle of nerves and nerve fibers, connects nearly all parts of the body to the brain with which it forms the central nervous system

Question 13

Gray Matter

Answer 13

cell bodies of nerves

Question 14

Sensory Neurons

Answer 14

outside the spinal cord

Question 14

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 14

automatic functions like beating heart and other internal organ workings

Question 15

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 15

fight or flight responses, increase in energy

Question 16

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 16

at rest, lowers and conserves energy

Question 17

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 17

voluntary movements like walking and writing

Question 18

Dorsal

Answer 18

towards the back

Question 19

Ventral

Answer 19

towards the bottom

Question 20

Anterior

Answer 20

towards the front

Question 21

Posterior

Answer 21

towards the back

Question 22

Superior

Answer 22

above

Question 23

Inferior

Answer 23

below

Question 24

Medial

Answer 24

toward the midline

Question 24

Lateral

Answer 24

away from the midline

Question 25

Neurons

Answer 25

nerve cells, basic unit of the brain cell and nervous system

Question 26

3 Subdivisions of the Brain

Answer 26

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, around 40 days gestation

Question 26

Axon

Answer 26

sends impulse to the next neuron

Question 26

Dendrite

Answer 26

receives electrical impulses from other neurons

Question 27

Synapse

Answer 27

space between nerves, respond to feelings and movements

Question 28

Beginning Stage of the Brain

Answer 28

neural plate ---> neural groove ---> neural tube, 25 days gestation

Question 29

Synaptic Cleft

Answer 29

gap between neurons, where axons and dendrites meet to send neurotransmitters to the next neuron

Question 30

Real Brain

Answer 30

more like a full grown brain at 100 days

Question 31

Midbrain

Answer 31

relay systems, superior and inferior colliculus

Question 31

Hindbrain

Answer 31

breathing, heart rate, other automatic functions, medulla, pons, cerebellum

Question 32

Forebrain

Answer 32

personality part, largest in mammals, cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, limbic system

Question 33

Frontal Lobe

Answer 33

control panel for personality and ability to communicate, controls cognitive skills, emotional expression, problem solving, memory and language, judgement, and sexual behavior

Question 33

Neuroplasticity

Answer 33

the ability of the brain to change due to environment and experience, occurs in development and adulthood

Question 34

Central Sulcus

Answer 34

big landmark separating the front and back of the brain, separates motor and somatic

Question 35

Precentral Gyrus

Answer 35

controls voluntary skeletal movements and skeletal muscles

Question 36

Postcentral Gyrus

Answer 36

location of somatosensoty centers, main sensory receptive area for sense of touch

Question 37

Parietal Lobe

Answer 37

spatial sense and navigation, sensory receptive area for the sense of hot and cold and pain

Question 38

Occipital Lobe

Answer 38

visual processing

Question 39

Temporal Lobe

Answer 39

involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the retention of visual memory, language comprehension, emotion association

Question 40

Sylvian Fissure

Answer 40

separates temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes, also known as lateral sulcus, one of the most prominent features of the brain, longer and curved on the left

Question 41

Olfactory Bulb

Answer 41

receives information only from the nose, discriminates amongst odors, enhancing the sensitivity of odor detection, filters out unnecessary events and improves the transmission of a few select odors, has to do with arousal and attention to modify detection of odors

Question 42

Cerebellum

Answer 42

posture, balance, coordination, speech, may be involved with attention and language