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Behavioral Neuroscience > Chapters 4 & 5 > Flashcards

Chapters 4 & 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Endogenous

A

occurs naturally within the cell

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2
Q

Exogenous

A

introduced from the outside of the cell/body

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3
Q

Agonist Ligand

A

initiates the normal effects of the ligand

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4
Q

Ligands

A

substance that binds to target protein

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5
Q

Antagonist Ligand

A

blocks the receptor from being activated by other ligands

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6
Q

Inverse Agonist Ligand

A

initiates an effect that is opposite of normal

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7
Q

Non-Competitive Ligand

A

binds to a different active site of endogenous ones

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8
Q

Up Regulate

A

more receptors available for binding to increase reactions, changes the number of receptors and sensitivity in the direction opposite to the drugs affect

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8
Q

Down Regulate

A

removal of receptors to stop reactions from occurring

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9
Q

4 Groups of Neurotransmitters

A

amino acids, monoamines, peptides, purines

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10
Q

Ionotropic

A

transmembrane protein that acts as an ion transport channel, opens when a neurotransmitter binds to it, allows ions like sodium and calcium to pass through

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11
Q

Neurotransmitter Makeup

A

made up of amino acids, nucleic acids, and metabolic products

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12
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

key to sleep/wake cycles, digestion, control of heartbeat and other autonomic functions, sent to hippocampus and cerebellum

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13
Q

Metabotropic

A

receptors that are involved in neurotransmitter system, hormone signaling, and messenger system, known as G-protein

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13
Q

6 Classes of Neurotransmitters

A

acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, glutamate, GABA

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14
Q

Dopamine

A

2 pathways, originates in the brain stem and midbrain

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15
Q

Mesostriatal

A

motor functions, deficiency can cause parkinsons

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15
Q

Norepinephrine

A

released in pons, midbrain, dorsal medulla, sensory input, mood, arousal, sexual behavior, triggered by stress

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16
Q

Mesolimbocortical

A

reward, learning, reinforcement, deficiency can be linked to schizophrenia

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17
Q

GABA

A

inhibits neuronal activity at transmitters and relaxes you

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17
Q

Glutamate

A

excitatory, memory, cognition, mood regulation, increases speed of neuronal functioning, energy boost for the brain, too much can cause stroke

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17
Q

Serotonin

A

helps with sleep, mood, sexual behaviors, anxiety, depression is linked to a low amount, sent to hypothalamus and thalamus to aid in sleep, hippocampus for memory

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18
Q

GABA A

A

fast acting inhibitor

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19
Q

GABA C

A

ionotropic, specifically chloride channels

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19
GABA B
slow acting inhibitor
20
Opiate Peptides
mimic opiate drugs, reduce pain naturally, mostly found in the gut and spinal cord
21
Drug Classes
antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, analgesics, cannabinoids, stimulants
21
Antipsychotic Drugs
neuroleptic, class of drugs that reduces symptoms of schizophrenia
22
Typical Neuroleptic
selective dopamine antagonist
23
Atypical Neuroleptic
blocks some serotonin receptors and reduces some negative symptoms
23
Tricyclic Antidepressant
increases norepinephrine and serotonin at the synapse by blocking the reuptake into presynaptic axon terminals
24
Antidepressant
treats depression
25
Monoamine Oxidase
inhibitors prevent the premature breakdown of monoamines at the synapse
26
Anxiolytics
tranquilizer, depressant, reduces nervous system activity
27
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
prozac, zoloft, allow serotonin to accumulate in the synapse with less side affects
28
Benzodiazepine Agonist
act on GABA receptors and enhance the inhibitory affects of GABA, work against anxiety and insomnia
29
Analgesic Drugs
pain killers
29
Endogenous Opiates
peptides produced in the body that bind to opioid receptors and relieve pain
29
Opium
contains morphine, very effective and highly addictive, bind to opioid receptors in the brain
29
Alcohol
acts are biphasic (make you happy then sad), activates GABA receptor and increases inhibitory affects, contributes to social disinhibition and loss of motor connection
29
Fentanyl
pain reliever, increases dopamine at insanely high rates, causes you to stop breathing by turning off CO2 receptors in the brain
30
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
marijuana, THC, effects vary from relaxation to paranoia
31
Endocannabinoids
produced in the brain, acts as a retrograde messenger and may influence neurotransmitters
32
Anandamide
endocannabinoid with many effects like altered memory and increased hunger cues
33
Stimulants
increases nervous system activity, makes you more alert, caffeine, nicotine, amphetamine, cocaine
34
Nicotine
increases HR and BP, combats nausea, lowers eye pressure in glaucoma
35
Cocaine
alleviates hunger, promotes endurance, enhances sense of wellbeing
36
Crack Cocaine
smoked which helps it cross the blood-brain barrier faster, causes uptake in dopamine
37
Amphetamine and Methamphetamine
synthetic stimulants that resemble catechlomine transmitters in structure, causes dopamine rush without signals, makes you alert and euphoric, causes long term weight loss
38
Hallucinogens
alter sensory perception and produce peculiar experiences
39
LSD
acid
40
Dissociative Drugs
produces feeling of depersonalization and reality deattachment
41
PCP
detaches from reality, chemical model for schizophrenia, NMDA receptor antagonist, stimulates dopamine release
42
Ketamine
less potent than NDMA antagonist that works in the prefrontal cortex
43
MDMA
hallucinogen amphetamine derivative, increases serotonin levels and changes in dopamine
44
Binding Affinity
degree of chemical attraction between ligands and receptors
45
Efficacy
intrinsic activity, ability of a ligand to activate a receptor
46
Agonist
high efficacy
47
Antagonist
low efficacy
48
Partial Agonist
in the middle of effective and not
49
Basal Forebrain
dopamine released here when taking drugs
50
Frontal Cortex
pathway involving a brain region, people with damage here are immune to addiction
51
Factors In Addiction
biology, gender, family situation, personal characteristics, environmental factors
52
Cue Induced Drug Use
increased likelihood of using drugs in a certain situation if you used it that way before, not used outside of these times

Behavioral Neuroscience (2 decks)

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