chapters 1-3

Question 1

Which of following is not considered a macronutrient

Answer 1

vitamins

Question 2

A processed food is defined as

Answer 2

any food changed from natural state

Question 3

Which of following statements about american diet is true

Answer 3

low in whole grains and more energy is consumed than expected

Question 4

one important principle of a healthy diet is to eat a variety of foods. In this context “variety” means:

Answer 4

choosing variety of foods within food groups as well as among them

Question 5

which of the following yields energy but is not considered a nutrient?

Answer 5

alcohol

Question 6

the energy provided by food is measured in

Answer 6

kilocalories

Question 7

which of the following conditions does not represent a state of malnutrition

Answer 7

weight loss as result of increased physical activity

Question 8

what is true regarding the differences between a hypothesis and a theory

Answer 8

hypothesis is educated guess while theory had scientific research and study

Question 9

a measure of the nutrient content of a food compared to its energy content is referred to as

Answer 9

nutrient density

Question 10

in a controlled study, if neither the subjects nor the investigators know which subjects are receiving treatment, the study is called

Answer 10

double blind

Question 11

what is not a goal of dietary reference intake(DRI)

Answer 11

prescribing what a person should eat each day

Question 12

the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) are estimated to meet the nutrient needs of what percentage of a healthy population

Answer 12

97-98%

Question 13

the estimated average requirement (EAR) for a selected nutrient would meet the needs of approximately what percentage of individuals in population

Answer 13

50%

Question 14

what is true regarding tolerable upper intake levels (UL)

Answer 14

not a recommended level of consumption

Question 15

what is false statements regarding RDA’s

Answer 15

the EARs are derived from RDAs

Question 16

which is not included in dietary guidelines for america

Answer 16

exercise 3 times weekly

Question 17

the variables used to calculate estimated energy requirements include:

Answer 17

height, weight, age, gender, physical activity level

Question 18

what is typically not found on a nutritions fact label

Answer 18

calories per serving as compared to other products

Question 19

a healthy eating pattern emphasize all of the following except

Answer 19

eating 3 servings of food containing refined grains each day

Question 20

how is the order in which ingredients are listed on the food label determined

Answer 20

weight

Question 21

nutrients classified as “organic molecules” have a molecular structure which contains the element

Answer 21

carbon

Question 22

the movement of food through the digestive tract is regulated by

Answer 22

endocrine and nervous system

Question 23

the most important roles of the digestive system include digestion and

Answer 23

absorption

Question 24

the internal lining of the gastrointestinal tract is the

Answer 24

mucosa

Question 25

the digestive tract begins at the __ and ends at the ___

Answer 25

mouth;anus

Question 26

which of the following is not a product released by the GI tract

Answer 26

chyme

Question 27

which structure prevents swallowed food from entering trachea

Answer 27

trachea

Question 28

the hormone gastrin is released in response to

Answer 28

food entering the stomach

Question 29

primary site of all nutrient absorption is

Answer 29

smal intestine

Question 30

after water soluble nutrients are absorbed in the intestine, they are carried to the ___ via the ___

Answer 30

liver; hepatic portal vein

Question 31

gastrointestinal tract

Answer 31

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small & lrg intestine

Question 32

digestion inside Gi tract is assisted by what secretions

Answer 32

mucous & enzymes

Question 33

enzymes

Answer 33

protein molecules that can re reused and help speed up reactions

Question 34

cephalic phase

Answer 34

sight and smell of food

Question 35

salivary amylase

Answer 35

in saliva that helps break down carbs and lysosomes

Question 36

gastric pits

Answer 36

where all cells that produce pepsinogen, mucous, & hydrochloric acid are located

Question 37

microvilli

Answer 37

brush border & increases surface area for absorption

Question 38

pancreas

Answer 38

secrete digestive enzymes and bicarbonates ions into small intestine during digestion

Question 39

gall bladder

Answer 39

stores bile ( fat absorption) produced by liver

Question 40

simple diffusion

Answer 40

freely flow from high to low concentration, does not involve energy

Question 41

osmosis

Answer 41

passage of water molecules from low to higher, no energy

Question 42

facilitated diffusion

Answer 42

high to low, no energy, but requires carrier cell

Question 43

active transport

Answer 43

low to high, energy required along with carrier cell

Question 44

large intestine can absorb what

Answer 44

water and some minerals + vitamins

Question 45

GI tract limits absorption of toxins & ___

Answer 45

disease causing organisms

Question 46

some cells of immune system are present in GI

Answer 46

phago, lympho, and antibodies | *food allergies could occur if abnormalities

Question 47

DRI dietary reference intake

Answer 47

nutrition recommendations for variety of needs; 6 nutritional groups

Question 48

EAR

Answer 48

nutrient intake of population: macro & micro

Question 49

adequate intakes

Answer 49

goal when no RDA, more for specific amounts of individual: macro & micro

Question 50

RDA

Answer 50

recommended specific amounts: macro & micro

Question 51

tolerable upper intake levels

Answer 51

prevent toxicity: macro & micro

Question 52

EER

Answer 52

calculate cals to keep stable weight: energy

Question 53

acceptable macronutrient distributions ranges

Answer 53

//

Question 54

*know dietary guidelines

Answer 54

//

Question 55

foods to increase

Answer 55

fruits, veggies, grains (1/2 whole), low fat dairy, protein variety, oils *results in increased potassium and fiber

Question 56

foods to decrease

Answer 56

saturated, trans, sodium, cholesterol, sugar beverages, alcohol intake

Question 57

my plate

Answer 57

foods to increase and decrease along with balancing cals

Question 58

nutrition facts label

Answer 58

serving size, 2000 cal diet, % daily value (5-20 rule)

Question 59

exchange lists

Answer 59

plan diets and menus, meet specific energy and macronutrient requirements, 3 groups (carb, meat, fat)

Question 60

macronutrients

Answer 60

nutrient needed in large amounts; energy yielding

Question 61

4 macronutrients

Answer 61

carbs, lipids, proteins, water

Question 62

micronutrients

Answer 62

need small amounts, no energy

Question 63

2 micronutrients

Answer 63

vitamins and minerals

Question 64

nutrigenomics

Answer 64

how diet and genes affect impact of nutrients

Question 65

malnutrition

Answer 65

any condition resulting from an energy/ nutrient intake above or below normal

Question 66

what are nutrients needed for

Answer 66

body growth, maintenance, repair, & reproduction

Question 67

what are energy yielding nutrients

Answer 67

carbs, lipids, proteins

Question 68

what provide structure

Answer 68

carbs, lipids, protein, water, minerals

Question 69

when judging nutrition claims

Answer 69

info make sense? comes from reliable source? no individual testimonies

Question 70

my plate components

Answer 70

grains: 6 oz; veggies: 2.5 cups, fruits: 2cups, dairy: 3 cups, protein: 5.5 oz

Question 71

stages of nutrient deficiency

Answer 71

inadequate intake, decreased stores and tissue levels, altered biochemical & physiological functions, physical signs and symptoms of deficiency

Question 72

mouth

Answer 72

chews food and miss with saliva

Question 73

pharynx

Answer 73

swallows chewed food mixed with saliva

Question 74

esophagus

Answer 74

moves food to stomach

Question 75

sm intestine

Answer 75

completes digestion, absorbs nutrients into blood or lymph

Question 76

lrg intestine

Answer 76

absorbs water and some vitamins and minerals, home to intestinal bacteria, passes waste material

Question 77

what regulates activity in GI

Answer 77

nerve signals

Question 78

peristalsis

Answer 78

moves food through and eventually into stomach

Question 79

small intestine contains villi and microvilli

Answer 79

which increase absorptive surface area for absorption

Question 80

segmentation

Answer 80

switching of contracting and relaxing which mixes food rather than moving forward