Chapters 1-4 Flashcards
(50 cards)
0
Q
North American natives
A
- Maize cultivation, beans, and squash allowed basis for developing society (Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw)
- Developed political and organizational skills (Iroquois)
1
Q
- Incas
- Mayans
- Aztecs
A
- Located in Peru, established sophisticated society, based on agriculture, mathematicians
- Mayans in Central America
- Aztecs in Mexico, same, sought favor of gods
2
Q
3 G’s
A
- Gold, glory, and God
- Gold was one reason, to accumulate wealth
- Glory to expand territory and conquer new land
- God to spread word of His name
3
Q
Spanish Conquistadors
A
- Explorer who takes over new lands
- Made up of 20-30 year old peasants, some professional soldiers/sailors, few nobles
4
Q
Christopher Colombus
A
- Italian born seafarer who persuaded Spain to fund trip to New World
- Trip to Hispaniola opened up a new world full of raw materials for the growing Spanish empire
5
Q
Francisco Vasquez De Coronado
A
- 1540’s, explored SW region of US (Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico)
- Came across Zunis, tried to force them to accept God
- Zunis resisted, Coronado killed the, later put on trial and removed from politics
6
Q
Hernan Cortes
A
- Set sail from Cuba, defeated small tribes in New Mexico area, took Malinche
- Aztec ruler believed he was a god, allowed him to come in
- Lust for gold led to war (1520-1521)
7
Q
Bartolome De Las Casas
A
-Originally a conquistador, later became Dominican Friar who recorded and spoke of treatment of Indians
8
Q
Malinche
A
-Native slave, interpreter, and mistress of Cortez
9
Q
Technotitlan
A
- Advanced Aztec capital containing 300,000 inhabitants, temples, irrigation systems, aqueducts, gardens, and gold
- Was conquered by Spaniards, became Mexican city
10
Q
Encomienda System
A
- Slave labor system of the Natives
- A grant of people, usually a village
- Paid natives in clothing and food rations
11
Q
Council of Indies
A
- Political council that held primary authority under the King concerning Indies
- Wrote laws, regulated matters regarding Indies
12
Q
Laws of Burgos
A
- Code of laws regulating treatment of the Indians, most laws went not enforced however
- 1512-1513
13
Q
Reason for decline of Native populations
A
- Mainly disease Europeans exposed natives to
- Partly due to slaughter of natives by European hand
14
Q
Black Legend
A
- Misdeeds of Spanish in the New World
- Rumor that Spanish merely tortured/slaughtered Indians, stole gold, infected them, left misery behind
15
Q
How Spanish culture influenced future development of Americas?
A
- Architecture such as Spanish cathedrals
- Language modeled/mixed with Spanish
- Catholic religion was infused in part of natives’ culture
16
Q
Theodore DeBry
A
- Protestant who illustrated methods of killing natives (whether self inflicted or by disease)
- Helped spread word of bad treatment by Spanish
17
Q
First attempt by English to colonize on Eastern seaboard- where and who?
A
- Favored by Queen Elizabeth I; established claim on eastern seaboard (1585)
- Sir Walter Raleigh was brother of Gilbert (attempted to colonize and died at sea)
- In Roanoke Island (Island off North Carolina)
- Colony vanished
18
Q
Charter
A
Legal document granted by a governing body to a group of agency for a specific purpose
19
Q
Virginia Company and role it played in English colonization
A
- Joint-stock company with a charter from King James I for settlement in New World
- Purpose was to find gold and accumulate wealth, also to find passage through America to Indies
- Charter guaranteed same rights as those living in England (1606, disembarked 1607 in Jamestown)
20
Q
Jamestown-Early years, men attracted to colony?
A
- Many settlers died from malnutrition
- Saved by Captain John Smith, helped to organize community
- Pocahontas and John Smith forged alliance between their people
21
Q
John Rolfe
A
- Became married to Pocahontas to create peace (only for eight years)
- John Rolfe later killed
22
Q
Tobacco- economic and social effects of the crop?
A
- Created demand for slave labor (though too expensive at the time for most)
- Virginia’s economy relied solely on the price of the one crop
- Also created wealthy landowners, slaves, and indentured servants who then became poor farmers
23
Q
House of Burgesses
A
- Created in 1619
- Virginia Company felt that elected representatives were needed, met once a year in colonial assembly to make laws
- Significant because Congress today is modeled after it
24
Found of Maryland
- Similar to Virginia?
- Religion in the colony?
- Act of Toleration in 1649?
- Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore, a well recognized Catholic
- Both were based upon agricultural system
- Wanted to create a Catholic haven and to accumulate wealth
- Was to protect Catholics from Protestants, however nonbelievers were killed
25
Indentured Servitude
- Who, how long was the contract, conditions?
- Female slaves?
- Displaced farmers from England
| - Women would often be raped and get pregnant, forced to remain slaves for longer
26
Carolinas
- Economical importance of economy? (Connection to West Indies)
- Main crop, importance and connection with slaves?
- Differences between North and South.
- Brought slave codes and plantation background
- Strong connection to sugar plantations in Jamaica
- Rice is main crop, bring in black slaves
- North is riff raff, squatters, farmers grow tobacco
- South is upper class aristocracy
27
Georgia
- Buffer colony?
- Why is it referred to as the charity colony?
- Founded in 1733
- Protected valuable Carolinas (Spanish in Florida, French in Louisiana)
- Charity colony, founder James Oglethorpe interested in helping those in debt
28
Laws of Primogeniture
-Only eldest sons could inherit lands/estates in England
29
Joint-Stock company
Business entity owned by shareholders
30
Jamestown
-English founded in 1607, located in West Virginia
31
Anglo-Powhatan War
-3 wars between Powhatan and English colonists of the Virginia colony in 1604-1610
32
Indentured Servitude
- In 1600's and 1700's, people who wanted to leave bad conditions to go to America
- Agreed to work for a master for 5-7 years in return for the cost of their passage
33
Martin Luther and the Reformation
- German monk who wrote the "Ninety-five Theses" and declared the Bible to be source of God's word
- Influenced rethinking of belief systems fled to NW Europe away from Catholic Church (1517)
34
Calvinism Doctrines/Protestan Work Ethic
- Humans are predestined for hell or heaven
- Signs and visible saints, could receive grace later
-Wake up early, work hard, be thrifty, good morals, abstain from worldly pleasures, be sober/serious
35
Henry the VII
-(1509-1547) Breaks with Roman Church, creates Church of England and the Great Bible
36
Queen Elizabeth
-(1558-1603) Persecutes English Catholics, follows father's example with Protestantism
37
King James
- Godson of Queen Elizabeth, English Catholics require to take an oath of Allegiance
- Institutes Divine Right of Kings and King James Version of the Bible
38
Pilgrims
- Thought Protestant Reformation within Church of England was too slow, considered dissenters, split from Church of England
- All visible saints
- Struggled in Holland for 12 years, failed, came to America backed by Virginia Company
39
Mayflower Compact
- Created by Pilgrims because they landed out of Virginia jurisdiction
- Type of self government, decision making based on will of majority
40
Puritans-Massachusetts Bay Colony
- Did not want break from Church, however wanted to reform from within and extract Catholic rituals
- Led by John Winthrop by Mass. Bay Company
- "City upon a hill" a model of spirituality and a beacon of light
41
Great Migration
- King Charles I (1625) pursued eliminating the Puritan group
- Closed Parliament/Puritan organizations
- 70,000 left England in 1630's, 20,000 came to Mass. Bay
- Puritan colonies well equipped and start off strong
42
Connecticut Colony
- Why did it form?
- Pequot War
- Had fertile valley/river, some began to spread out and inhabit it
- As they continued to spread out, natives felt threatened and began to seek alliances
- Praying Indian was killed, King Metacomet initiates war
43
Roger Williams
- Minister
- Founded Rhode Island (1636)
- Wanted clean break from Church, challenged legality of the Charter, against provincial govt. enforcing religious behavior, better treatment of natives
44
Provincial Government
- Town government, land-owners, voted on public issues
- Purpose of laws to enforce God's laws
- Religious leaders wielded great power, clergy could not hold office
- All colonists pay taxes to church
45
Anne Hutchinson
- Puritan woman
- Challenged ideology that one must attend church and follow all rules of one is of the elect
- Believed one could achieve grace through the Divine Grace alone
46
King Philip's War
- Importance of father
- What sparked the war?
- Father befriended Puritans and offered them land, advice, and protection
- Praying Indian was one that had been baptized
- 1675, John Sassamon was killed by three Wamponoags
47
Middle Region
- Developed with greater religions, ethnic, and social diversity
- Middle ground between tightly knit New England and plantation South
- New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware
48
William Penn and Quakers
- Intention of Pennsylvania colony?
- Quakers beliefs?
- Views on Natives?
- Simple, devoted democratic people
- William Penn wanted to establish place for other Quakers, liberal ideas in government and make profit
- secured grant of land in 1682
- Treated natives very fairly
- Ben Franklin lived there
49
Economics of Middle Colonies
- Fertile soil, became known as the bread colonies because of heavy exports of grain
- Industry flourished as well, forests provided lumber and river provided commerce and growth of seaports
