Chapters 5-8

Question 0

Cultural makeup (1700-1775)

• New England
• Middle
• Southern

Answer 0

• mostly Anglo-Saxon; least ethnic diversity
• variety, esp. after ethnic immigration, German, Scottish, Irish, Dutch
• black and white racial composition (90% of slaves)

Question 1

Population growth (1700-1775)

• 1700, black and white population -1775, black and white population
• Most populous colonies
• 4 cities

Answer 1

• 300,000, 20,000 black slaves
• 2.5 million people, 1 million blacks
• Virginia, Mass., Penn.
• Philadelphia, NY City, Boston, Charleston
• 90% colonists live in rural

Question 2

• Exports and economics in 18th century?

- Relation to jobs?

Answer 2

• Agriculture (tobacco in South, grain in Middle)
• Fishing (seamen and skilled mariners in New England)
• Manufacturing (rum, beaver hats, woven goods)
• Lumbering (timber used for shipbuilding=trade with France)

Question 3

Education/Literacy:

• Colleges
• Libraries

Answer 3

• Yale (1701), Princeton (1746), Rutgers (1766); emphasis on religion, Latin, Greek, later changed to modern subjects and free thinking
• Ben F. opens 1st public library in Philadelphia, 1776: libraries in 50 other communities

Question 4

Newspapers in 18th century

Answer 4

• Became more numerous, air colonial grievances and opposition to British control
• Beginnings of Freedom of Press (1734-35):
  
  • John Peter Zenger trial, hauled into for publishing truth on NY governor
  • Judge condemned, jury found not guilty
    - Papers free to print responsible criticisms

Question 5

Great Awakening:

• Cause?
• Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield?

Answer 5

• Started in Northampton, Mass. By Jonathan Edwards, proclaimed need for dependence on God’s grace (1734)
• George Whitefield used emotional appeals (1738)

Question 6

Political Structure (1700’s):

• Royal
• Proprietor
• Self-governing

Answer 6

• Royal governors appointed by King
• Proprietor chooses governor (Maryland, Penn., Delaware)
• Elect own government with self-governing charters (R.I. and Connecticut)

Question 7

Legislative body in governing systems?

Answer 7

• Upper house appointed by crown of proprietor or chosen by voters
• Lower house elected by people with enough property to qualify; sometimes religious qualifications