Chapters 10-12 Flashcards by Madison Milligan

-sterile covering for wound

Dressing

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-free of all microorganisms and spores

Sterile

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-free of bacteria

aseptic

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-commercially manufactured, individually wrapped pads

Gauze Pads

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-large, thickly layered bulky pads used to control bleeding and stabilize impaled objects

Special Pads

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signs that a bandage is too tight

1) skin becomes pale or blue
2) blueish tint to toenails or fingernails near it
3) pain a few minutes after putting on bandage
4) skin beyond bandage is cold or numb
5) you can’t feel a pulse beyond bandage
6) victim can’t move

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-triangle shaped piece of cloth used to apply splints and form slings

Triangular bandage

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-folded triangular bandage

-cravat

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-form fitting bandage designed to be wrapped around a wound site

roller bandage

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do not apply bandage until

-bleeding has stopped

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if the blood soaks through bandage

-dont replace it

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do not place bandages on

the wound directly

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never use what for dressings?

-anything that can shred or disintegrate

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T/F A bandage should normally be placed on the wound

False

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T/F Bandages should be applied firmly and fastened securely

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T/F The most popular and adaptable bandage is the cravat

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T/F A bandage compress is a special dressing for creating a tourniquet effect

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T/F Triangular bandages are made from cloth that is approximately 20 inches square

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T/F You should always bandage a dressing in place before the bleeding has been controlled

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T/F Do not attempt to bandage an area any larger than the wound site

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T/F Cotton balls make an ideal dressing because of their absorbency

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T/F If blood soaks through the original dressing, remove it and apply a new dressing

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T/F Elastic Roller bandages should not be used except in cases of profuse bleeding

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The primary reason elastic roller bandages are not recommended for use in first aid care is that they

may seriously inhibit blood flow

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Which knot is most frequently used in bandaging?

Square Knot

Example of airtight occlusive dressing?

Plastic Wrap

Which of the following is not a guideline for use of an armsling?

The knot should not be tied in the middle of the back of the neck

-A dressing that may not be sterile

Wet

-A dressing that forms an airtight seal

occlusive

-a sterile dressing

aseptic

-sterile gauze saturated with a substance to prevent the dressing from sticking to an open wound

Plastic Wrap

-Dressing that is free from moisture

Dry Sterile

-Bulky, usually sterile dressing

Compress

What does the musculoskeletal system do?

1) gives shape and form to body 2) supports body 3) movement 4) protection

some bones manufacture

red blood cells; so when they break, bleeding can be serious

long bones

bones in thigh, lower leg, upper arm and forearm

short bone

Hands and feet

Flat bones

Ribs and shoulder blades

Irregular bones

Vertebrae and skull

Different types of bones

Long Short Flat Irregular

2 or more bones come together

Joints; allow movement

Ends of bone are held together by

ligaments

different types of muscle

Involuntary and voluntary (skeletal)

Can tendons tighten by themselves?

Yes

Can ligaments tighten by themselves?

No. Need surgery

-injury in which ligaments are stretched and partially or completely torn

Sprain

-an injury in which the joint comes apart and stays apart; the bone ends that articulate over each other are no longer in proper close contact with each other

dislocation

-an injury to a muscle that occurs when a muscle is stretched beyond its normal range of motion causing the muscle or tendon to tear

Strain

uncontrolled spasm of a muscle

cramp

bruise to the tissue

Contusion

to treat a joint (fracture or sprain) use the acronym

RICE

Rest (dont use it!)

Ice (used continuous for 24-48 hours)

Compression (wrap in compression bandage)

Elevation

causes of cramps? ; what do you do about it?

1) dehydration 2) loses too many electrolytes 3) sleep Dont massage it

crack or break in the continuity of a bone

fracture

2 kinds of fractures

Open and Closed

Open fracture

-skin over site has been damaged or broken

closed (simple)

overlying skin is intact

How does a fracture happen?

Direct and Indirect force

-fall and put hand out to stop you and your wrist breaks

Indirect

Brick is thrown at your shin and your shin breaks

Direct

grating sound or sensation that occurs when ends of broken bone rub against each other

crepitus

never straighten a fracture of dislocation of the

spine, elbow, wrist, hip or knee

T/F it is usually impossible to tell the difference between a sprain and a closed fracture without the use of hospital diagnostic images

T/F To test for fracture, ask the victim to try to move the injured part or walk on the injured leg

T/F In cases of suspected dislocation, correct the deformity before splinting it

T/F Permanent nerve damage can result from a splint that's too tight

T/F Apply heat to a sprained joint for the first 24 hours

T/F A fracture is a crack or splinter in a bone that is not broken

T/F A closed fracture can become an open fracture through mishandling

T/F A splint should be placed directly against the skin without padding or dressings for maximum effectiveness

A splint should not extend beyond the joints above and below the suspected fracture

T/F A fractured elbow should always be immobilized in the position in which it is found

the primary objective in first aid care for a fracture is to

stabilize the fracture site

what is a sign or symptom of a strain?

Immediate swelling

Injury in which ligaments are partially torn

Sprain

to treat bleeding open fracture

control bleeding with pressure through a dressing

What do you do for a strain?

-Make comfy and apply cold

What do you do for a dislocation??

-use rest, ice, compression and elevation

What do you do for a sprain?

Mobilize in the position found

What do you do for a fracture?

Control any bleeding and immobilize

most frequently injured bone of the shoulder

clavicle or collarbone

How does a clavicle get broken?

Athletes attempt to break their falls with the outstretched hands

How to care for a clavicle fracture

figure 8 bandage

-the joint in the shoulder where the clavicle, scapula, and humerus join

Acromioclavicular

-able to be felt by the first aid provider

palpable

-inflammation of the bony protrusion of the elbow

tennis elbow

-inflammation in the tendon attached to the inner side of the elbow

golfer's elbow

-displaced fracture of the forearm caused when the victim falls on the palm of the hand with the wrist extended

Colle's fracture

-a displaced fracture of the forearm caused when the victim falls on the back of the hand with the wrist flexed

Smith's fracture

-the area of the wrist through which the radial artery passes

anatomical snuffbox

T/F You should provide hard traction to a dislocated shoulder

T/F The most common victims of dislocated elbow are those who support their weight on their hands such as wrestlers or gymnasts

T/F The best way to assess fracture of the radial head is to have the victim rotate the forearm

T/F Ischial tuberosity fracture carries with it the classic silver fork deformity

T/F Dislocation of the carpal bones causes deformity and swelling on the back of the wrist; to treat, immobilize with an air splint

T/F A twisted finger, with the nailbed turned to one side, is typically the rest of metacarpal fracture

T/F You should assess for dislocated elbow by having the victim straighten the arm

T/F A victim may hear an audible pop during several different injuries, including dislocated patella and achilles tendon rupture

T/F the force that causes a sprained ankle can also fracture the bones of the lower leg

A shoulder that appears almost flattened is an indication of

Fracture

A classic sign of a dislocated elbow is

a shortened forearm

the classic sign of colles's fracture is

compromised pulse at the wrist

care for dislocated carpal bones by

immobilizing with a ladder of vacuum splint

swelling, pain and a lump in the buttocks of a sprinter would probably indicate

contusion of the iliac crest

to treat a dislocated patella

all of the aove

splint a victim of a sprained knee ligament

in the position in which the leg was found

to assess whether Achilles tendon ruptured is complete, squeeze the victim's calf muscle; if the rupture is complete

there will be limited range of motion