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First Aid > Chapters 13-15 > Flashcards

Chapters 13-15 Flashcards

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1
Q

-a mechanism of brain injury in which the head comes to a sudden stop but the brain continues to move back and forth inside the skull, causing injury at the site of impact and to the opposite side of the brain

A

Coup-Contrecoup

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2
Q

signs and symptoms of brain injury

A
  • weird behavior
  • nausea
  • unequal pupils
  • headache
  • double vision
  • loss of memory
  • weakness
  • seizure
  • heart rate became slow
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3
Q

4 types of skull fractures

A

1) depressed
2) linear
3) comminuted
4) basilar

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4
Q

-break in base of skull

A

basilar

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5
Q

-point of impact; multiple cracks radiating from the center (cracked egg shell)

A

Comminuted

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6
Q

-most common; thin line crack in the skull. Least serious and most difficult to detect

A

Linear

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7
Q

-object strikes the skull, leaving an obvious deformity; bone fragments are often driven into the protective tissue surrounding the brain

A

Depressed

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8
Q

signs and symptoms of skull fracture

A
  • contusions
  • deformity of the skull
  • clear fluid coming from ears nose or mouth
  • raccoon eyes
  • battle’s sign
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9
Q

-bruising around the eyes in the absence of trauma to the eyes; a very late sign of skull fracture

A

raccoon eyes

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10
Q

-bruising behind the ears; over the mastoid process; very late sign of skull fracture

A

battle’s sign

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11
Q

mechanisms can cause spinal injury

A
  • compression
  • flexion, extension, rotation
  • lateral bending
  • distraction
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12
Q

-the sudden pulling apart of the spine that stretches and tears the cord

A

distraction

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13
Q

2 major complications of spinal injury

A

inadequate breathing effort

paralysis

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14
Q

T/F For a head-injured victim, use the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver to open the airway

A

False

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15
Q

T/F Forceful vomiting may be a sign of head injury

A

True

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16
Q

T/F A basilar skull fracture is the most common and least serious

A

False

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17
Q

T/F Face and scalp wounds may bleed heavily, but the bleeding is usually easy to control

A

True

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18
Q

T/F It is not possible for a spine-injured victim to walk around

A

False

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19
Q

T/F Spinal injury precautions should be taken in all cases of head trauma

A

True

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20
Q

T/F the airway is the first priority for a spine-injured victim

A

true

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21
Q

T/F always pad behind the neck of a victim on a rigid support

A

False

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22
Q

T/F any trauma severe enough to cause injury to the brain can also cause injury to the spine

A

True

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23
Q

T/F with proper precautions, one first aider can safely remove a victim’s helmet

A

false

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24
Q

if a victim has blood or cerebrospinal fluid draining from the ears but shows no indication of spinal injury, the first step in first aid care is to

A

establish and maintain an open airway

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25
which of the following methods of maintaining an open airway should be used on an unresponsive victim with a head injury
modified jaw thrust
26
with a comminuted skull fracture
-multiple cracks radiate from the center of impact
27
what is the most common characteristic of Battle's signs
a bruise like mark behind either ear
28
which of the following occurs in coup-contrecoup injury to the brain?
all of the above
29
which of the following is NOT a sign of spinal injury?
position of the legs
30
Check for spinal cord damage in a responsive victim by
asking the victim to wiggle fingers and toes
31
how many poisonings happen per year in the USA?
1 and 2 million
32
what percent of poisonings are at the home?
90%
33
Poisoning is the ____ common cause of death in the US and leading in children
3rd
34
4 ways to get poisoned
1) ingesting 2) inhaling 3) penetration/injection 4) absorption
35
most common things that can poison you when swallowed
- aspirin - acetaminophen - alcohol - detergents or soap - household cleaning products - petroleum distillates
36
poisonous plants
- holly - mistletoe - english ivy - poinsetta
37
poisonous fruits
- cherry pits - peaches - apricots - apple seeds
38
symptoms of poison
- nausea - salivation - varying levels of consciousness - abdominal pain - bloating - burns or stains around the moth - unusual breath or body odors
39
what side to you place the victim on and why?
left side to the gravity will delay the poison from entering the small intestine
40
- most fatal type of food poisoning - nerve toxin caused by bacterium - improperly processed canned foods
Botulism
41
- caused by contaminated foods such as beef, poultry, milk, eggs - cooking kills it
Salmonella
42
- when people handling food touch their pimples, boils, rashes, infected eyes, etc. - most commonly affected foods are sandwiches, salads and pasteries
Staph food poisoning
43
-a special steam-distilled charcoal that can absorb many times its weight in contaminants because of its porous surface
activated charcoal
44
What does activated charcoal do?
- acts like a sponge | - does not bind to alcohol, acids, alkalies, potassium, gasoline or metals
45
Don't give activated charcoal to someone who
- is not fully conscious - has swallowed acids - is unable to swallow
46
what is the most toxic way of poisoning
inhalation
47
-act of breathing in (inspiration) or the drawing of air or other gases into the lungs
inhalation | -occurs usually because of a fire
48
-an odorless, tasteless, colorless toxic gas that results from incomplete combustion
carbon monoxide
49
consider carbon monoxide poisoning if you encounter
-unexplained flu symptoms
50
-taking a substance into the body through the skin
absorption
51
-the toxic element of poison ivy, which can be carried on animal fur, tools, clothing and when the plant is burned, in the air
urushiol
52
absorption can cuause
burns, lesions and inflammation
53
T/F ingestion of poisonous plants is a common poisoning emergency in children
T
54
T/F a victim of inhaled poison should be given activated charcoal
F
55
T/F Cherry red lips are a common early sign of carbon monoxide poisoning
F
56
T/F a throbbing headache is a symptom of low-level carbon monoxide poisoning
T
57
T/F activated charcoal should be used only if the victim vomits
F
58
T/F a victim of poisoning should be kept in a sitting position
T
59
T/F initial symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include headache, weakness, agitation, confusion, and dizziness
T
60
T/F Activated charcoal will not bind to alcohol, kerosene, or gasoline
T
61
T/F activated charcoal should be used in cases of ingested poisoning because of its ability to neutralize poisons
F
62
which of the following is a characteristic symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning?
-headache
63
what is the initial first aid care procedure for inhalation poisonings?
remove the victim to fresh air
64
after a poisoning victim vomits, give the victim
activated charcoal
65
alcoholism is
treatable but not curable
66
what does alcohol affect?
liver and central nervous system
67
alcohol is absorbed from the
stomach
68
-intent of becoming intoxicated
binge drinking
69
-occurs after a cutback in the amount of alcohol a person is used to
withdrawal syndrome
70
determine the severity of intoxication by observing
- victim is awake and answering questions | - victim withdraws from painful stimuli
71
3 levels of consciousness
- awake; answers questions and is alert - responds verbally or to pain - unresponsive
72
how to deal with the drunk people
- assure personal safety - provide a reality base - nonverbal support - encourage communication - foster confidence
73
Hallucinogens
- LSD | - PCP
74
-phencyclidine, a hallucinogenic drug that causes severe reactions
PCP
75
stimulants
- cocaine - meth - ritalin
76
depressants
- heroin - oxycontin - xanax
77
other drugs
- roofies | - ecstasy
78
T/F first aid care for a drug overdose depends entirely on what kind of drug was used
f
79
T/F seizures are rare in alcoholic withdrawal
F
80
T/F the most severe reactions from PCP use include paranoia and memory loss
F
81
T/F hyperventilating drug emergency victims should be encouraged to breathe into a paper bag
F
82
T/F DTs that occur more than one day after the last drink are rarely life threatening
false
83
a common emergency among drug abuse victims is
hyperventilation
84
hyperventilation in a drug emergency should be treated by
removing the victim from the crisis situation
85
a pulse rate _____ in an adult may indicate danger in a drug or alcohol emergency
below 60 or above 100
86
which of the following may indicate that a drug or alcohol emergency is life threatening
vomiting while not fully conscious
87
which of the following is not a guideline for dealing with an overdose victim
throw a little cold water on a semiconscious victim
88
what is the preferred method for handling a victim experiencing a bad trip?
use the talk-down technique
89
the signs of acute intoxication may be mimicked by a victim of
diabetic coma (hyperglycemia)
90
which of the following indicates that medical attention is needed immediately for an alcohol abuse victim
grand mal seizure
91
delirium tremens occur as a result of
alcohol withdrawal
92
which of the following is not a symptom of delirium tremens
deep, comatose sleep

First Aid (7 decks)

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