Chapters 11-15

Question 0

commission

Answer 0

the official legal authorization appointing a person to an office or military position, indicating the nature of the duty, term of office, chain of command, and so on

Question 1

lame duck

Answer 1

a political official during the time he or she remains in office after a defeat or inability to seek another term, and whose power is therefore diminished

Question 2

writ

Answer 2

a formal legal document ordering of prohibiting some act

Question 3

impeachment

Answer 3

the charge of a public official with improper conduct in office

Question 4

pacifist

Answer 4

characterized by principled opposition to all war and belief in nonviolent solutions to conflict

Question 5

consulate (consul)

Answer 5

a place were a government representatives is stationed in a foreign country, but not the main headquarters of diplomatic representation headed by an ambassador (the embassy)

Question 6

cede

Answer 6

to yield or grant something, often upon request or under pressure (anything ceded is a cession)

Question 7

precedent

Answer 7

in law and government, a decision or action that establishes a sanctioned rule for determining similar cases in the future

Question 8

secession

Answer 8

the withdrawal, by legal or illegal means, of one portion of a political entity from the government to which it has been bound

Question 9

conscription

Answer 9

compulsory enrollment of men and women in the armed forces

Question 10

broadside

Answer 10

the simultaneous firing of all guns on one side of a ship

Question 11

embargo

Answer 11

a government order prohibiting commerce in or out of a port

Question 12

regiment

Answer 12

a medium sized military unit, larger than a company or battalion and smaller than a division

Question 13

mediation

Answer 13

an intervention, usually by consent of the parties to aid in voluntarily setting differences between groups or nations

Question 14

armistice

Answer 14

a temporary stopping of warfare by mutual agreement, usually in preparation for an actual peace negotiation between the parties

Question 15

dynasty

Answer 15

a succession of rulers in the same family line; by extension, any system of predetermined succession in power

Question 16

reaction

Answer 16

extreme conservatism, looking to restore political or social conditions of earlier time

Question 17

protection

Answer 17

policy of preserving domestic producers by placing barriers against imported goods (using high tariffs)

Question 18

raw materials

Answer 18

products in their natural, unmanufactured state

Question 19

internal improvements

Answer 19

basic public works, such as roads and canals, that create the structure for economic development

Question 20

intrastate

Answer 20

something existing wholly within a state of the U.S.

Question 21

depression

Answer 21

in economics, a severe and very prolonged period of declining economic activity, high unemployment, and low wages and prices

Question 22

boom

Answer 22

in economics, period of sudden, spectacular expansion of business activity or prices

Question 23

wildcat bank

Answer 23

unregulated, speculative bank that issues notes without sufficient capital to back them

Question 24

peculiar institution

Answer 24

widely used term for the institution of American black slavery

Question 25

demagogic

Answer 25

concerning a leader who stirs up the common people by appeals to emotion and prejudice, often for selfish of irrational ends

Question 26

contract

Answer 26

in law, and agreement in which each of two or more parties binds themselves to perform some act in exchange for what the other party similar pledges to do

Question 27

deference

Answer 27

yielding of opinion to the judgement of someone else

Question 28

puritanical

Answer 28

extremely or excessively strict in manners of moral or religion

Question 29

mudslinging

Answer 29

malicious, unscrupulous attacks against an opponent

Question 30

spoils

Answer 30

public offices given as a reward for political support

Question 31

denominations

Answer 31

the major branches of Christianity organized into distinct church structures

Question 32

evangelical

Answer 32

those believers and groups, usually Protestant, who emphasizes personal salvation, individual conversion experiences, voluntary commitment, and the authority of Scripture

Question 33

hard money

Answer 33

metal money or coins (reliable money that maintained its purchasing power over time)

Question 34

soft money

Answer 34

paper money (was assumed to inflate or lose value)

Question 35

usurpation

Answer 35

the act of seizing, occupying, or enjoying the place, power, or functions of someone without legal right

Question 36

favorite sons

Answer 36

presidential candidates who are nominated by their own state, primarily out of loyalty

Question 37

machine

Answer 37

a hierarchical political organization, often controlled through patronage or spoil, where professional workers deliver large blocs of voters to preferred candidates

Question 38

temperance

Answer 38

campaigns for voluntary commitment to moderation or total abstinence in the consumption of liquor

Question 39

populist

Answer 39

a political program or style focused on the common people, and attacking perspectives and policies associated with the well-off, well-born, or well-educated

Question 40

divine right

Answer 40

the belief that government or rules are directly established by God

Question 41

caste

Answer 41

an exclusive or rigid social distinction based on birth, wealth, occupation, etc.

Question 42

nativist

Answer 42

one who advocates favoring native born citizens over aliens or immigrants

Question 43

factory

Answer 43

an establishment for the manufacturing of goods, including buildings and substantial machinery

Question 44

trademark

Answer 44

a distinguishing symbol or word used by a manufacturer on its goods, usually registered by law to protect against imitators

Question 45

patent

Answer 45

the legal certification of an original invention, product, or process, guaranteeing it's holder the sole rights to profits from its use or reproduction for a specific period of time

Question 46

liability

Answer 46

legal responsibility for loss or damage

Question 47

incorporation

Answer 47

the formation of individuals into an organized entity with legally defined privileges and responsibilities

Question 48

labor union

Answer 48

an organization of workers to promote the interests and welfare of its members, often by collective bargaining with employers

Question 49

strike

Answer 49

an organized work stoppage by employees in order to obtain better wages, working conditions, and so on

Question 50

capitalist

Answer 50

an individual or group who uses accumulated funds or private property to produce goods for profit in a market

Question 51

turnpike

Answer 51

a toll road

Question 52

posterity

Answer 52

later descendants or subsequent generations

Question 53

productivity

Answer 53

the relative capacity to produce goods and services, measured in terms of the number of workers and machines needed to create goods in a certain length of time

Question 54

barter

Answer 54

the direct exchange of goods and services for one another, without the use of cash or any medium of exchange

Question 55

polygamy

Answer 55

the practice of having two or more spouses at one time

Question 56

theocracy

Answer 56

rule by God; the term is often applied to a state where religious leaders exercise direct or indirect political authority

Question 57

zealot

Answer 57

one who is carried away by a cause to an extreme or excessive degree

Question 58

utopian

Answer 58

any place or plan that aims at an ideal social order

Question 59

communistic

Answer 59

theory or practice in which the means of production are owned by the community as a whole

Question 60

communitarian

Answer 60

the belief in or practice of the superiority of community life or values over individual life, but not necessarily the common ownership of goods

Question 61

free love

Answer 61

the principle or practice of sexual relations unrestricted by law marriage, or religious constraints

Question 62

eugenic

Answer 62

concerning the improvement of the human species through selective breeding or genetic control

Question 63

coitus reservatus

Answer 63

the practice of sexual intercourse without the male's release of semen

Question 64

classical

Answer 64

concerning the culture of Ancient Greece and Rome, or any artistic or cultural values presumed to be based on these enduring ancient principles

Question 65

mystical

Answer 65

referring to the belief in the direct apprehension of God or Devine mystery, without reliance on reason or human comprehension

Question 66

nonconformist

Answer 66

one who refuses to follow established or conventional ideas or habits

Question 67

nonviolence

Answer 67

the principle of resolving or engaging in conflict without resort to physical force

Question 68

urbane

Answer 68

sophisticated, elegant, cosmopolitan

Question 69

providential

Answer 69

under the care and direction of God or other benevolent natural or supernatural forces