Chapters 12 & 13 Flashcards

(70 cards)

0
Q

Who is the first, second and third party?

A

First - patient
Second - healthcare provider
Third - insurer

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1
Q

What is reimbursement?

A

Payment of funds by a patient or insurer to a healthcare provider for services rendered

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2
Q

Who is considered the payer?

A

The insurer

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3
Q

Reimbursement method that pays the provider a set fee each month based on the number of patients enrolled in the insurance plan

A

Capitation

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4
Q

Payment for specific healthcare services that were provided to the patient

A

Fee-for-service

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5
Q

Variety of methods of financing and organizing the delivery of healthcare in which costs are contained by controlling the provision of benefits and services

A

Managed care

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6
Q

What is an HMO?

A

Health care maintenance organization, a prepaid health care program of group practice that provides comprehensive medical care

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7
Q

Copayment?

A

Monetary amount to be paid by the patient

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8
Q

Deductible?

A

Portion of medical costs to be paid by the patient before insurance benefits begin

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9
Q

Denial?

A

Refusal by insurer to reimburse for services

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10
Q

Eligibility?

A

Process of determining whether a patient qualifies for benefits

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11
Q

Who pays first Medicare or Medicaid?

A

Medicare

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12
Q

What is Medicare?

A

Health insurance plan for people:
65 or older
Under 65 with certain disabilities
Of all ages with end stage renal disease

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13
Q

What are the 4 parts of Medicare?

A

Part A: hospital insurance
Part B: medical insurance
Part C: Medicare advantage, additional monthly fee
Part D: Medicare prescription drug coverage

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14
Q

Who administers the Medicare and Medicaid program?

A

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

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15
Q

What is the Physical therapy cap for Medicare?

A

$1900

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16
Q

Requirements for Medicaid are…

A

Patient’s age
Patient is disabled, blind or pregnant
Patient’s financial resources
Patient is a US citizen or lawfully admitted immigrant

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17
Q

What part of Medicare provides for physical therapy?

A

Part B

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18
Q

Who is the PCP?

A

Primary care physician, acts as “gatekeeper” to decide which services the patient will receive (ie inpatient, outpatient or specialist)

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19
Q

HMO where healthcare providers are employees of the HMO

A

Staff HMO

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20
Q

HMO in which the health care is provided by a separate group of physicians having contracts with the HMO to treat only HMO members

A

Group HMO

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21
Q

HMO in which there are contracts between the HMO the individual physician where the physician can treat HMO and non-HMO patients

A

Individual practice associations (IPAs)

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22
Q

HMO in which there is a contract with a number of large physician groups who treat HMO and non-HMO patients

A

Network HMOs

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23
Q

Can HMOs deny physical therapy treatments even if referred by the PCP?

A

Yes

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24
Why do we need physical therapy research?
Establishes body of knowledge Determines efficacy of treatment Improves patient care
25
Experimental vs Non-experimental research
Experiential - manipulates independent variable | Non-experimental - does not manipulate independent variable (ie case studies)
26
Independent vs Dependent variable
Independent variable is manipulated | Dependent variable is only measured or registered
27
What is inductive reasoning?
Starts from specific facts and goes to general, broad concept
28
What is qualitative research?
Observations, field work, interviews, questionnaires and the researcher's impressions or reactions
29
Research question?
Purpose of a research study, must be answerable and feasible
30
Hypothesis?
Educated guess on the outcome of the study
31
Null vs Research hypothesis
Null (Statistcal) - states there is no relationship between variables Research - states there is a relationship between variables
32
Reliability vs Validity
Relativity - gets the same result on multiple occasions | Validity - gets the intended result
33
Internal vs external validity
Internal - degree to which differences of the dependent variable result directly from manipulation of the independent variable External - degree to which results are generalized to individuals outside the study (general population)
34
Nominal scale?
Classifies variables into two or more mutually exclusive categories bade on common characteristics (ie male or female)
35
Ordinal scale?
Classifies variables in terms of the degree to which they have a common characteristic (ie patient's functional status or pain level)
36
Interval scale?
Classifies variables based on predetermined equal intervals, does not have a true zero point (ie temperature scales)
37
Ration scales?
Classifies variables based on equal intervals and a true zero point, most precise level of measurement (ie height, weight, distance or time)
38
What information is included in informed consent?
``` Purpose Procedures Risks and discomforts Benefits Alternatives to participation Confidentiality statement of the procedures Request for more information Right to refuse participation Injury statement Consent statement Signature of participant ```
39
What are the elements of a research study?
``` Title and abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion and conclusion ```
40
What is alpha level?
The probability of concluding that the null hypothesis is false, when in fact it's true
41
What is hand washing?
Activity using soap and water, or alcohol-based solutions, to decrease the number of germs on the hands
42
What are microorganisms?
Organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye (ie viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoans and intercellular parasites)
43
What are nosocomial infections?
Infections occurring in a hospital or hospital-like setting
44
Types of nosocomial infections?
``` UTI Surgical site infections Respiratory tract infection Bloodstream infection Skin infections Gastrointestinal infections ```
45
When should we wash our hands in a clinical setting?
Before and after contact with a patient After contact with bodily fluids, blood, and secretions Before and after to toileting Before and after contact with wounds, dressing, specimens, bed linen and protective clothing After sneezing, coughing or nose blowing After removing gloves Before and after eating
46
What is medical asepsis?
The prevention of sepsis
47
What is sepsis?
Systemic inflammatory response to infection
48
What is area preparation?
Management of the work environment for the safety of the patient, therapist and staff
49
What modifiable variables affect vital signs?
``` Food consumption Medications Physical activity Response to stress Time of day ```
50
Blood pressure?
The force exerted by blood against arterial wall
51
Systolic vs diastolic pressure?
Systolic - takes place when ventricles of the heart contract | Diastolic - takes place when the ventricles of the heart relax and are filled with blood
52
Normal blood pressure?
Systolic/Diastolic - 120/80 adults, 80/50 infants and 100/55 children
53
Hypertension?
High blood pressure 140/90
54
Orthostatic hypotension?
Sudden drop in blood pressure due to immobility or bed rest
55
Where should blood pressure be assessed?
Right upper extremity
56
Korotkoff's sounds
Sounds of systolic and disappearance of of diastolic pressure heard through the stethoscope
57
What is pulse?
The rhythmical throbbing in an artery as a result of each heartbeat, caused by contraction and expansion of an artery as a wave of blood passes through the vessel
58
Normal heart rate?
Adults 70, 60-100 beats per minute Infants 120 bpm Children 125 bpm
59
Bradycardia vs tachycardia
Bradycardia - less than 60 bpm | Tachycardia - greater than 100 bpm
60
Irregular heartbeat?
Cardiac arrhythmia
61
Normal respiration?
Adults 12-18 br/min Infants 30 br/min Children 20 br/min
62
Tachypnea vs Bradypnea vs Hyperpnea
Tachypnea - increase breathing rate of an adult to 20 br/min Bradypnea - decrease in breathing rate of an adult to 10 br/min Hyperpnea - increased breathing rate
63
Dyspnea?
Difficult breathing
64
Wheezing?
Whistling sound resulting from constriction or obstruction of the airways
65
Stridor?
Harsh, high pitched respiratory sound heard from patients having laryngeal or bronchial obstruction
66
Crackles?
Sort, sharp, rattling or bubbling sounds that occur because of increased secretions in the respiratory passageways
67
Pyrexia?
Fever, elevated body temperature
68
Normal body temperature?
Adult oral 98.6 F or 37 C
69
Intrarater vs interrater reliability
Intrarater - one rater can obtain the same results | Interrater - multiple raters can obtain the same results