Chapters 13,15,16 Flashcards
what is the phylogenetic species concept
the idea that species are the smallest possible groups whose members are descended from a common ancestor
what is the biological species concept
the idea that species are groups of actually interbreeding natural populations are reproductively isolated from other groups
what is a metapopulation
a group of spatially separated populations of the same species that interact at some level (eg. exchange alleles)
what is speciation
the evolutionary process by which new species arise, causes one evolutionary lineage to spllit into two or more
what is allopatry
occurs when populations are in separate, non overlapping geographic areas (they are spearated by geographic barriers to gene flow)
what is sympatry
when populations are in the same geogrphic area
what is the difference between pre and post zygotic reproductive barriers
prezygotic barriers prevent sperm from fertilizing an egg, while postzygotic will prevent zygotes from sucessfully developing and reproducing themselves.
what is parapatric speciation
the evolution of a new species within a spatially extended population that still has some gene flow
what is ecological speciation
the evolution of reproductive barriers between populations by adaptation to different environments or ecological niches
what is allopolyploidy
refers to polyploidy (more that 2 paired chromosomes) resulting from interspecific hybridization
what is coevolution
a reciprocal evolutionary change between interacting species driven by natural selection
what is reciprocal evolution
describes selection that occurs in two species, due to their interactions with one another
what is mullerian mimicry
occurs when several harmful or distasteful species resemble each other in appearance, facilitating the learned avoidance of predators
what is endosymbionts
mutualistic organisms that live within the body or cells of another organism
T or F: behaviour is limited to animals with nervous systems
False
