CHAPTERS 14-16

Question 1

Chronological history of early americas

Answer 1

monte verde site → Clovis era → folsom era → extinction mastodons

Question 2

overkill hypothesis

Answer 2

human activity led to the extinction of megafauna

Question 3

Clovis tool kits

Answer 3

reliance on high quality raw material found in caches

Question 4

Clovis people characteristics

Answer 4

named for their stone tool technology, Were also Known as paleoindians

Question 5

genetic research of N and S america reveals that

Answer 5

-genetically related groups in N a S america diverged after the migration, native americans, are most closely related to asian groups, lots of DNA goes into the clock

Question 6

pleistocene in E and W shared

Answer 6

bifacial points, microblades, mammoth bones

Question 7

3 Key points of Monte verde

Answer 7

established by hunter gatherers that used a coastal route, hearths, tents, and mastodon remains, earliest securely dated Site in N and S america (pre clovis)

Question 8

Significant pre clovis Sites (3)

Answer 8

Monte verde, paisley caves, meadowcroft rock.

Question 9

What is the oddest aspect of clovis tech

Answer 9

it spread extremely quickly across NA

Question 10

did bison hunters use all parts of the bison

Answer 10

no, too much to be processed

Question 11

main reason for migration to the americas

Answer 11

pursuit of resources

Question 12

describe clovis technology

Answer 12

earliest in america, functionally flexible, very large

Question 13

general date range for migration to america

Answer 13

17.000-14,000 ya

Question 14

how did humans get to america (theories)

Answer 14

land bridge or coast boating

Question 15

thule vs. norse strategies

Answer 15

more mobile Vs. domesticated plants + animals

Question 16

Complex societies in NA timeline

Answer 16

early woodland = cultivation of native species → hopewell

Question 17

ancestral puebloans

Answer 17

massive structures with multiple stories and hundreds of rooms; clusters of pit houses and subterranean dwellings.

Question 18

chacoan houses uses

Answer 18

regional centers and religious sites

Question 19

northwest NA large villages had

Answer 19

warfare, plank houses, social differentiation

Question 20

chronological history of the southwest

Answer 20

adoption of maize from mesoamerica, → Quas construction of great houses → drought in chaco canyon region → rise of Cliff dwellings

Question 21

in Mesa Verde mississippian mounds were for

Answer 21

elites houses, community buildings, burials

Question 22

hopewell exotic materials

Answer 22

copper, marine shells, pipestone, mica, obsidian

Question 23

hopewell mound purposes

Answer 23

burial sites, ritual centers, gathering places north american

Question 24

archaic period

Answer 24

mound building, trade networks, pottery characteristics of Adena and Hopewell mounds - materials from distant places, used as burials, often reused

Question 25

Chaco canyon characteristics

Answer 25

cooperative society through ritual ceremonies, 1000 year old great houses

Question 26

Why is Chakia the political center

Answer 26

Size, location, Stratified social class

Question 27

what crop did plains villages rely on

Answer 27

maize

Question 28

how did the hokokam grow corn

Answer 28

canal systems

Question 29

how did great plains people adapt to bison

Answer 29

moved w/ herds, hunted Seasonally

Question 30

mesoamerican ball game significance

Answer 30

political, recreational, ritual

Question 31

Classic mayan society

Answer 31

common warfare, strong hierarchy, many ag. methods

Question 32

Characteristics of the aztecs

Answer 32

inked themselves to earlier cultural traditions, practiced ritual sacrifice, existed in modern mexico

Question 33

What 3 events occurred during the spanish conquest of the aztecs

Answer 33

Spanish entered tenochtitlan peacefully, they were assisted by native tribes, montecuzoma reluctantly welcomed the Spanish at first.

Question 34

Which cultures did the aztecs link themselves with

Answer 34

teotihuacan + toltec

Question 35

San Jose mogote characteristics

Answer 35

wealth disparity, gardens, trade

Question 36

Why did classic maya collapse

Answer 36

warfare, over farmed land, drought

Question 37

monte alban vs. teotinracan

Answer 37

1. defensive location, ball court, oaxaca Valley 2. long central avenue, 85,000 people, valley of mexico

Question 38

features of Recentmnt tenoghtitlan

Answer 38

built on an island. had floating gardens and plazas, overthrown by the spanish forces

Question 39

the early horizon in the mid preclassic is

Answer 39

olmec

Question 40

what crop was mobile and supplementary

Answer 40

maize

Question 41

olmec culture characteristics

Answer 41

large monuments, ball courts, writing system

Question 42

mayan Structure (ag & Social)

Answer 42

elaborate ceremonies, social hierarchy.. built massive public buildings