Chapters 15, 16, And 17

Question 1

Reagent strips, that when dipped in urine will detect pH level, glucose, ketones, blood, and specific gravity.

Answer 1

Dip sticks

Question 2

Maintaining equal input and output

Answer 2

Fluid balance

Question 3

A bedpan which is used when the resident cannot assist with raising their hips onto a regular bedpan

Answer 3

Fracture pan

Question 4

Used when a resident can help by lifting utensils. It helps promote independence

Answer 4

Hand-over-hand approach

Question 5

Hidden blood

Answer 5

Occult blood

Question 6

Used for people who have trouble chewing and or swallowing more textured foods

Answer 6

Puréed diet

Question 7

The opening in the abdomen in a resident with an ostomy

Answer 7

Stoma

Question 8

A test in which all of a resident’s urine will be collected for 24 hours. When beginning a 24-hour specimen collection, the resident must void and discard the first urine so that the test begins with an empty bladder.

Answer 8

24-hour urine

Question 9

Nothing by mouth

Answer 9

NPO

Question 10

Know the facts about a well balanced diet

Answer 10

1) A well-balanced diet helps maintain muscle and skin tissues and prevent pressure sores.
2) A good diet promotes healing of wounds.
3) It also helps us cope with stress

Question 11

How can the CNA position the resident to help prevent aspiration?

Answer 11

Have the resident sitting as upright as possible

Question 12

Know the CNA’s role in tube feedings.

Answer 12

1) CNA’s are not responsible for inserting tubes, doing the feeding, or cleaning tubes.
2) You may be assigned to take the person’s temperature or assemble equipment and supplies and hand them to the nurse.
3) You may need to position the resident. You may also discard or clean and store equipment and supplies.
4) In addition you should observe, report, and document any observation of changes in the resident or problems with the feeding. Make sure the tubing is not coiled or kinked or resting underneath the resident.

Question 13

Know foods that contain ———-
EX) yogurt and cheese

Answer 13

Calcium

Question 14

Know foods that contain ———-
EX) Beef, Poultry, fish, eggs, peanut butter, beans, nuts, soy products, peas, or seeds

Answer 14

Protein

Question 15

Know the facts about fats

Answer 15

1) Fats should be eaten in relatively small quantities.
2) Fats add flavor to food and are important in the absorption of certain vitamins.
3) Fat helps the body store energy.
4) Fat also provides insulation and protects the bodies organs

Question 16

Know examples of ———.
EX) All foods made from wheat, rice, oats, corn, barley, and other grains. (Bread, pasta, oatmeal, breakfast cereals, tortillas, and grits.

Answer 16

Grains

Question 17

What is the most essential nutrient for life

Answer 17

Water

Question 18

What information can be found on a diet card?

Answer 18

The resident’s name and information about special diets, allergies, likes and dislikes, and other instructions.

Question 19

Know the facts about food preferences

Answer 19

1) It is important to honor resident’s food preferences. Food preferences may change while a resident is living at a facility.
2) Do not make fun of personal preferences. If you notice that certain foods are not being eaten- not matter how small the amount, report it to the nurse.

Question 20

How can the CNA help prevent dehydration?

Answer 20

1) Encourage residents to drink every time you see them. Also offer fresh water or other fresh fluids often.
2) Record fluid intake and output. Make sure pitcher and cup are near enough and light enough for the resident to lift

Question 21

Know how to convert ounces to ml

Answer 21

Multiply ounces by 30.
1 oz = 30 ml or 30cc
2 oz = 60 ml
3 oz = 90 ml

Question 22

What should be observed and reported about unintended weight loss?

Answer 22

1) Resident eats less than 70% of meals/snacks served.
2) Resident has mouth pain.
3) Resident’s dentures don’t fit
4) Resident has difficulty swallowing
5) Resident coughs or chokes while eating.
6) resident is sad, has crying spells, or withdraws from others

Question 23

Know the facts about mealtime

Answer 23

1) Mealtime is not only the time for getting proper nourishment, but it is a time for socializing.
2) Honor likes and dislikes. Be cheerful, positive, and helpful. Promote independence

Question 24

Know the facts about serving meal trays

Answer 24

1) Identify the resident and make sure that they are receiving the correct tray.
2) remove the food and drink if it is on a tray and set it on the table.
3) Cut food into small, bite-sized portions. To promote dignity, if you know the residents want their food cut, cut it before bringing it to the table.
4) Open milk or juice cartons. Place straws in container using the paper wrapper. Butter or season food as the resident likes.

Question 25

Know the facts about clothing protectors

Answer 25

1) Resident’s have the right to refuse to wear a clothing protector. 2) Offer a clothing protector, but do not insist that a resident must wear one. Do not refer to the clothing protector as a ‘bib.’

Question 26

Know the signs of dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

Answer 26

1) Choking or coughing during meals. Watering eyes when eating or drinking. 2) Several swallow needed per mouthful. Frequent throat clearing during and after meals. Shorter more rapid breathing while eating or drinking.

Question 27

What is the first thing to be restricted on a low-sodium diet?

Answer 27

Salt (NaCl)

Question 28

What do some residents need thickened?

Answer 28

Liquids Some residents have problems swallowing. Thickening improves the ability to control fluid in the mouth and throat.

Question 29

What is the normal color of urine?

Answer 29

Pale yellow

Question 30

How much urine does a normal adult produce per day?

Answer 30

1200-1500 ml

Question 31

How many ounces of fluid is needed daily?

Answer 31

64-96 ml

Question 32

Know the facts about incontinence

Answer 32

Incontinence is not a normal part of aging. Always report incontinence. It may be a sign or symptom of illness.

Question 33

Know the facts about providing perineal care for a female resident

Answer 33

Wipe from front to back. Use a different area of the washcloth for each stroke.

Question 34

What is the best position for a man to urinate

Answer 34

Standing

Question 35

Know the CNA’s role in regards to catheters.

Answer 35

1) CNA’s never insert or remove catheters. You may be asked to provide daily care for the catheter, cleaning the area around the urethral opening and emptying the drainage bag. Observe and report regarding to the catheters to the nurse. 2) The drainage bag should be kept lower than the hips or bladder. If the urine flows backward it can cause infection. 3) The tubing should be kept as straight as possible and should not be kinked. If the resident is sitting on the tubing it can prevent urine from draining.

Question 36

Know the facts about bladder retraining

Answer 36

1) Always be professional. Never show signs of anger or frustration toward residents who are incontinent. 2) Encourage plenty of fluids. Keep a record of the resident’s bladder habits. Also answer all call lights promptly. 3) Provide privacy, Do not rush the resident during voiding. Offer positive words for successes or for attempts to control the bladder. However, do not talk to the residents as if they are children.

Question 37

What is the normal characteristics of stool

Answer 37

Brown and soft food high in fiber help improve bowel elimination

Question 38

What are some signs of constipation

Answer 38

Abdominal swelling, gas, irritability, and record of no recent bowel movement.

Question 39

Know some causes of diarrhea

Answer 39

Bacterial and viral infections, irritating foods and certain medications

Question 40

What is the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Answer 40

heartburn

Question 41

What is the best position for bowel elimination?

Answer 41

Squatting and leaning forward

Question 42

What position should the resident be placed for an enema administration?

Answer 42

Sim's position (left side lying)

Question 43

How far should the bottom of the enema bag be above the anus with a cleansing enema

Answer 43

twelve inches. During enema administration, if the resident experiences pain, stop and tell the nurse immediately.

Question 44

What substances can ruin a stool specimen

Answer 44

urine or tissue

Question 45

Know the facts about bowel retraining

Answer 45

1) Be sensitive and promote the resident's privacy. Be professional. 2) encourage the resident to drink plenty of fluids. Encourage the resident to also eat foods that are high in fiber. 3) Always answer call lights promptly. Always wear gloves when handling bodily wastes. 4) Don't rush the resident during elimination.