Chapters 16 & 17 Flashcards
1
Q
Abd
A
Abdomen
2
Q
BM
A
Bowel Movement
3
Q
BRB
A
Bright Red Blood
4
Q
Emesis
A
Vomiting
5
Q
GI
A
Gastrointestinal
6
Q
GI Cocktail
A
a mixture of liquid antacid, viscous lidocaine, and an anticholinergic primarily used to treat indigestion
7
Q
Hematemesis
A
Vomiting blood
8
Q
Hematochezia
A
Blood in stool
9
Q
Lithiasis
A
Formation of mineral concretions (stone) in the body
10
Q
Melena
A
Black, tarry stool
11
Q
N/V/D
A
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
12
Q
Peritoneal Cavity
A
Space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum- separates organs in abd cavity from abd wall
13
Q
Post-Tussive Emesis
A
Vomiting after coughing
14
Q
BS
A
Bowel Sounds
15
Q
Caput Medusae
A
Dilated veins seen on the abdomen of a patient with cirrhosis of the liver
16
Q
Distention
A
Sensation of elevated abdominal pressure and volume
17
Q
Guarding
A
Tensing of the abdominal wall muscles to guard inflamed organs within the abdomen from the pain of pressure upon palpation; can be voluntary or involuntary.
18
Q
Hepatomegaly
A
Enlargement of the liver
19
Q
Hepatosplenomegaly
A
Enlargement of the liver and spleen
20
Q
LLQ
A
Left Lower Quadrant
21
Q
LUQ
A
Left Upper Quadrant
22
Q
McBurney’s Point Tenderness
A
Site of extreme sensitivity in acute appendicitis, situated in the normal area of the appendix midway between the umbilicus and the anterior iliac crest in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
23
Q
Murphy’s Sign
A
Finding associated with acute cholecystitis which causes pain on inspiration when the examiner’s fingers are place on the RUQ at the location of the gallbladder
24
Q
Obturator Sign
A
Indication of appendicitis in which the internal rotation of the right leg at the hip and knee causes abdominal discomfort
25
Psoas Sign
Indication of appendicitis in which passive extension of the thigh of a patient lying on his side with knees extended causes abdominal pain
26
Rebound Tenderness
Pain upon removal of pressure rather than application of pressure to the abdomen
27
Rectal Exam
Internal examination of the rectum
28
Rigidity
Stiffness of the muscles in the belly area, which can be felt when touched or pressed
29
RLQ
Right Lower Quadrant
30
Rovsing's Sign
Indication of acute appendicitis in which pressure on the left lower quadrant of the abdomen causes pain in the RLQ
31
Anoscopy
Method to view the anus, anal canal, and lower rectum. Used to diagnose internal hemorrhoids, anal fissures, masses
32
Appendectomy
Surgical removal of the appendix
33
Ascites
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
34
C. Diff
Clostridium Difficile- bacterium that can cause symptoms ranging from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon most commonly affecting older adults in hospitals or in long term care facilities and typically occurs after use of antibiotic medications
35
Cholecystectomy
Surgical removal of the gallbladder
36
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder; gallbladder can often be visualized by a RUQ ultrasound
37
Cholelithiasis
Gallstones
38
Cirrhosis
Consequence of chronic liver disease characterized by scarring leading to loss of liver function
39
Colitis
swelling (inflammation) of the large intestine (colon)
40
Colonoscopy
Endoscopic examination of the large bowel and the distal part of small bowel with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus
41
Colostomy
Surgical procedure that brings one end of the large intestine out through the abdominal wall causing stools moving through the intestine to drain into a bag
42
Crohn's Disease
Type of inflammatory bowel disease that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, causing a wide variety of symptoms
43
Diverticulitis
Small, bulging sacs or pouches of the inner lining of the intestine (diverticulosis) that become inflamed or infected
44
Diverticulosis
Condition of having diverticula in the colon, which are out-pocketings of the colonic mucosa and submucosa through weakness of muscle layers in the colon wall
45
EGD
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy- procedure that visualizes the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract up to the duodenum
46
Enema
Procedure of introducing liquids into the rectum and colon via the anus often used to treat constipation
47
Gastritis
Lining of the stomach becomes inflamed or swollen
48
Gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract involving both the stomach and small intestine resulting in diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal cramps
49
Gastroparesis
Condition that reduces the ability of the stomach to empty its contents, but there is no blockage (obstruction)
50
GERD
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease- stomach acid comes back up from the stomach into the esophagus. Also call acid reflux or heartburn.
51
H. Pylori
Helicobacter Pylori- bacteria associated with peptic ulcers, gastritis and possibly gastric cancer
52
Hemorrhoids
Mass of dilated veins in the anorectal area (internal or external)
53
Hepatitis C
Viral disease that leads to swelling (inflammation) of the liver
54
Hernia
Sac formed by the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum) that comes through a hole or weak area in the fascia, the strong layer of the abdominal wall that surrounds the muslce
55
Hydronephrosis
Swelling of kidney due to a backup of urine; often detected by renal ultrasound
56
IBS
Irritable Bowel Syndrome- functional bowel disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, discomfort, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits
57
Ileostomy
Surgical opening constructed by bringing the end or loop of small intestine (ileum) out onto the surface of the skin
58
NG Tube
Nasogastric Tube- a plastic tube inserted through the nose, past the throat, and down into the stomach that is used for feeding, administering drugs or draining stomach contents
59
OG Tube
Orogastric Tube- a plastic tube inserted through the mouth, past the throat, and down into the stomach similar to NG tube
60
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
61
Paracentesis
Procedure involving needle drainage of fluid from peritoneal cavity in the abdomen
62
PEG Tube
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrotomy Tube- Surgically inserted through a small incision in the abdomen into the stomach and is used for long-`term enteral nutrition. Also call G-Tube
63
PEG-J Tube
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrojejunostomy Tube- surgically inserted through the abdomen and into the jejunum (the second part of the small instestine) AKA J-Tube
64
SBO
Small Bowel Obstruction- small intestine becomes partially or totally blocked
65
Stool Guaiac Test
Detects hidden (occult) blood in the stool
66
Varices
Dilated veins in the distal esophagus or proximal stomach caused by elevated pressure in the portal venous system, typically from cirrhosis
67
Antacids
medication that neutralizes stomach acidity
68
Antiemetic
Drugs used for the treatment of nausea
69
H2 Receptor Blockers
Prevents the release of stomach acid
70
PPI
Proton Pump Inhibitors- reduce gastric acid production
71
Adnexa
Ovaries and fallopian tubes
72
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstrual cycle
73
BCP
Birth Control Pill
74
Cervical
Pertaining to the cervix
75
Decreased urine Output
Producing less urine or urinating less often
76
Dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation
77
Dyspareunia
Pain with sexual intercourse
78
Dysuria
Feeling of pain, burning, or discomfort upon urination
79
Enuresis
Inability to control urination
80
Flank Pain
Pain on either side of the body between the upper abdomen and the back
81
GPA
Gravida- number of pregnancies Para- number of viable births Abortus- number of pregnancies lost for any reason including abortions or miscarriages
82
Gravid
Being pregnant
83
GU
Genitourinary
84
Hematuria
Blood in urine
85
Inguinal
Pertaining to the groin region
86
IU
Intrauterine
87
LMP
Last Menstrual Period
88
LNMP
Last Normal Menstrual Period
89
Menorrrhagia
An abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual period
90
Nocturia
Need to get up in the night to urinate
91
Os
Opening of the cervical canal into the vagina
92
Overflow Incontinence
Bladder never empties and small amounts of urine leak continuously
93
Para
Number of viable offspring born to a woman
94
Pelvic Pain
Pain that occurs mostly in the lower abdominal area
95
Perineum
Area between the anus and the scrotum in the male and between the anus and the vulva in the female
96
Polyuria
Excessive urination
97
Renal
Pertaining to the kidneys
98
STD
Sexually Transmitted Disease
99
Urinary frequency
Need to urinate many times, both in normal and less than normal volumes
100
Urinary Hesitancy
Difficulty beginning the flow of urine
101
Urinary Incontinence
Involuntary leakage of urine
102
Urinary Retention
Lack of ability to urinate
103
Urinary Urgency
Sudden, compelling urge to urinate
104
CVA Tenderness
Costovertebral Angle Tenderness- elicited when gently tapping the area of the back overlying the kidney producing pain
105
Female Exam
External: visual inspection of external genitalia noting appearance and herpetic lesions, ulcerations or exorations
Speculum exam: a speculum (instrument for opening and widening certain passages of the body) is used to open the vagina and aid in visualizing interior walls of the vagina and the cervix, including the os and noting whether it is open or closed
Bimanual: examiner inserts two fingers into the vagina and places the other hand on the abdomen to feel the internal pelvic organs mainly the uterus and ovaries noting cervical motion tenderness (CMT) and adnexal tenderness/masses
Wet prep: vaginal discharge is placed onto a slide and placed under a microscope so that it can be checked for signs of infection
106
Male Exam
External Exam: visual inspection of the external gentalia including penis, scrotum and perineal area noting appearance and herpetic lesions, ulcerations or excoriations
Manual exam: palpation of bilateral scrotum, testes and epididymis noting tenderness
Rectal exam: assess tenderness or abnormalities of the prostate
107
Abortion
Termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo prior to viability
108
AKI
Acute Kidney Injury- rapid loss of kidney function that occurs over a few hours or days
109
ARF
Acute Renal Failure- rapid loss of kidney function that occurs over a few hours or days
110
Bartholin's Cyst
Formed when Bartholin's gland located on each side of the vaginal opening is blocked, causing a fluid filled cyst to develop
111
BTL
Bilateral Tubal Ligation- surgical procedure for sterilization; fallopian tubes are blocked
112
BV
Bacterial Vaginosis- disease of the vagina caused by overgrowth of bacteria
113
Chlamydia
Common sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis
114
CKD
Chronic Kidney Disease- slow loss of kidney function over time
115
CRF
Chronic Renal Failure- slow loss of kidney function over time
116
Cystitis
Inflammation of the lining of the bladder
117
D&C
Dilatation and Curettage- involves dilating the uterine cervix so that the lining tissue (endometrium) of the uterus can be removed by scraping
118
Eclampsia
Seizures that occur in a pregnant woman that are not related to a preexisting brain condition
119
Ectopic Pregnancy
Implantation of the fertilized ovum outside the uterine cavity
120
Endometriosis
Cells from the lining of the uterus (endometrium) appear and flourish outside the uterine cavity, most commonly on the ovaries
121
Epididymitis
Inflammation of the epididymis
122
Foley Catheter
Flexible tube with two lumens that is passed through the urethra and into the bladder
123
Gonorrhea
Common sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae
124
HD
Hemodialysis- method for extracorporeal removing waste products such as creatinine, urea, and free water from the blood when the kidneys are in renal failure
125
Hysterectomy
Surgical removal of the uterus
126
IUD
Intrauterine Device-a type of birth control in which a T-shaped device is inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy
127
IUP
Intrauterine Pregnancy
128
Miscarriage
spontaneous loss of a fetus before the 20th week of pregnancy
129
Nephrolithiasis
Kidney stones
130
Ovarian Torsion
Rotation of the ovary that occludes the ovarian artery and/or vein
131
PID
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease- generic term for inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and/or ovaries
132
Preeclampsia
Hypertension arises in pregnancy
133
Priapism
Persistent, usually painful, erection that lasts for more than four hours and occurs without sexual stimulation
134
Prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate
135
Pyelonephritis
Specific type of (UTI) that generally begins in urethra or bladder and travels up to kidneys
136
SAB
Spontaneous Abortion. AKA miscarriage
137
Testicular Torsion
Twisting of the spermatic cord, which cuts off the blood supply to the testicle and surrounding structures within the scrotum
138
Threatened Miscarriage
Condition that suggests a miscarriage might take place before the 20th week of pregnancy
139
Trichomoniasis
Sexually transmitted infection caused by the single celled protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis
140
TURP
Trans-Urethral Resection of Prostate- an instrument is inserted up the urethra to remove the section of the prostate that is blocking urine flow
141
UA
urine analysis
142
UTI
Urinary Tract Infection- infection anywhere along urinary tract
