Chapters 2-5

Question 1

the set of symbols or words that are used to create a symbol for communicating between individuals

Answer 1

language

Question 2

simplest; the first level of language where the focus is placed on sounds and the alphabet

Answer 2

phonetics

Question 3

the distinctive sounds, unique to each language, that words are composed of

Answer 3

Phonemes

Question 4

the second level of language where the focus is placed on words and their meanings

Answer 4

Semantics

Question 5

someone who studies the change of words and their meanings over a period of time

Answer 5

Semanticist

Question 6

the third level of language is the level that focuses on how words are arranged to form phrases and sentences, otherwise known as syntax

Answer 6

Syntactic level

Question 7

the fourth level of language is the level of language that looks at how language is used in social situations

Answer 7

Pragmatics

Question 8

English for paper, this was the substance created by the Egyptians made from reeds found along the banks of the Nile River that Ancient Egyptians used for keeping written records

Answer 8

Papyrus

Question 9

professional writers, always men, who were trained to read and write in ancient civilizations

Answer 9

Scribes

Question 10

writing surface created from the soaking, stretching, and dying of calf, goat, and sheep skin

Answer 10

Parchment

Question 11

Printing style used by the Chinese, employing stamp-like devices to transfer images from wood using thick coats of ink onto paper

Answer 11

Block Printing

Question 12

separate characters placed individually on tiles, made of wood or clay, to be reused to form a variety of words and sentences in printing

Answer 12

Movable Types

Question 13

a system of raised dots representing the letters of the alphabet and other symbols that aid in communication for the blind

Answer 13

Braille

Question 14

a dot and dash messaging system used first in telegraphs and later by radios to communicate

Answer 14

Morse Code

Question 15

online places where people gather virtually to share information about themselves and their lives with others on the web

Answer 15

Social Networks

Question 16

the predecessor to the Internet created by the US Military to link all of their computers together forming a network

Answer 16

ARPANET

Question 17

when a listener is not fully engaged in the listening process which results in a lack of awareness of a message being sent from a given source

Answer 17

passive listening

Question 18

when a listener is fully engaged in the listening processes and the message being sent is recognized and received

Answer 18

active listening

Question 19

listening for differences in sounds and signs

Answer 19

discriminative listening

Question 20

listening where we make sense of or understand the message being sent to us

Answer 20

comprehension listening

Question 21

listening in order to judge, criticize, or evaluate something

Answer 21

critical listening

Question 22

listening to hear what we want to hear or listening based on preconceived notions and stereotypes

Answer 22

biased listening

Question 23

listening to hear information that will satisfy our own needs

Answer 23

appreciative listening

Question 24

listening that occurs when we are genuinely concerned for or care about another person

Answer 24

sympathetic listening

Question 25

listening in search of a way to understand someone's feelings

Answer 25

empathetic listening

Question 26

listening as part of a conversation or exchange of thoughts and ideas

Answer 26

dialogic listening

Question 27

a discussion where issues are closely looked at and examined and a shared understanding is reached

Answer 27

dialogue

Question 28

noise that is created internally as a result of intrapersonal communication

Answer 28

Psychological noise

Question 29

between 2 people

Answer 29

diatic

Question 30

occur when each member brings something to the relationship that the other person lacks

Answer 30

complementary relationships

Question 31

occur when both members of the relationship share highly similar qualities that in some cases mirror each other

Answer 31

symmetrical relationships

Question 32

the process of revealing things about yourself that people are unlikely to know

Answer 32

self-disclosure

Question 33

the tension that exists between two conflicting people or forces

Answer 33

dialectics

Question 34

problems that arise due to an opposition in needs or interests

Answer 34

conflict

Question 35

conflict resolution style where one person gives in to let the other person get what they want, thus smoothing over the conflict

Answer 35

accommodating

Question 36

conflict resolution style where both parties make concessions in order to get an end that they both can agree on to resolve the conflict

Answer 36

compromising

Question 37

conflict resolution style where an individual withdraws from a situation, refusing to deal with the problem altogether

Answer 37

avoiding

Question 38

conflict resolution style where one person ends up "winning" while the other person "loses"

Answer 38

competing

Question 39

conflict resolution style where both parties come together to agree upon conditions of a solution that meet all of their demands and needs

Answer 39

collaboration

Question 40

the use of communication to reach a mutual agreement

Answer 40

negotiating

Question 41

communication codes consisting of symbols that are not words

Answer 41

nonverbal codes

Question 42

occurs when a nonverbal code is used in conjunction with a verbal code to strengthen the message

Answer 42

accentuation

Question 43

nonverbal codes are added to verbal codes in order to add meaning to an expand upon both

Answer 43

complementation

Question 44

occurs when nonverbal codes conflict with verbal codes

Answer 44

contradiction

Question 45

occurs when the same message is sent using verbal and nonverbal codes

Answer 45

repetition

Question 46

the use of nonverbal codes to monitor and control your interaction with others

Answer 46

regulation

Question 47

occurs when nonverbal codes are used in place of verbal codes

Answer 47

substitution

Question 48

the study of how bodily movements communicate messages

Answer 48

kinesics

Question 49

nonverbal movements that represent a certain word or phrase

Answer 49

emblems

Question 50

nonverbal movements that are meant to go along with or reinforce a verbal message

Answer 50

illustrators

Question 51

nonverbal movements of the face and body to show emotion

Answer 51

affect displays

Question 52

nonverbal movements that control the pace of communication

Answer 52

regulators

Question 53

nonverbal movements that are usually done in order to make you feel better and alleviate tension within your body

Answer 53

adaptors

Question 54

the study of how humans use space and distance and how this affects communication

Answer 54

proxemics

Question 55

that distance that extends outward from you 18 inches

Answer 55

intimate distance

Question 56

that distance that extends 18 inches to 4 feet from you

Answer 56

personal distance

Question 57

that distance that extends 4 to 12 feed from you

Answer 57

social distance

Question 58

the space that extends past 12 feet from you

Answer 58

public distance

Question 59

the study of time, particularly how people organize and use it and this organization's effect on communication

Answer 59

chronemics

Question 60

the study of how physical touch affects communication

Answer 60

haptics

Question 61

the use of touch in communication

Answer 61

tactile communication

Question 62

the study of our voice

Answer 62

vocalics

Question 63

vocal characteristics

Answer 63

paralanguage

Question 64

the loudness or softness of the voice

Answer 64

volume

Question 65

the speed at which you speak

Answer 65

rate

Question 66

how high or low someone speaks

Answer 66

pitch

Question 67

the change in pitch or loudness of the voice

Answer 67

inflection

Question 68

words such as uh um like you know and so on

Answer 68

vocal fillers

Question 69

the richness or thinness of your voice

Answer 69

resonance

Question 70

a set of moral standards and principles

Answer 70

ethics

Question 71

those groups whose purpose is to shape our self-esteem and personality all the while offering us feelings of safety and support

Answer 71

social groups

Question 72

those groups that we belong to in order to complete a specific job or task

Answer 72

work groups

Question 73

a group where members are all responsible for performing the same activity and pool their work together to create a finished product

Answer 73

additive work groups

Question 74

a group where members perform tasks that are different but related in order to meet a goal

Answer 74

conjunctive work groups

Question 75

a group where members are responsible for solving a problem

Answer 75

disjunctive task work group

Question 76

tasks that require members to choose one correct answer to a problem from all of the potential solutions

Answer 76

judgement tasks

Question 77

tasks that require group members to decide on the bes alternative out of a set of options

Answer 77

decision-making tasks

Question 78

groups that evolve spontaneously or form to serve a specific purpose

Answer 78

emergent work groups

Question 79

the idea that the collaborative efforts of a group are better at solving problems and getting work done than individual alone

Answer 79

group synergy

Question 80

the need to establish identity as part of a group

Answer 80

inclusion

Question 81

the need to assert authority over a group and prove one's abilities

Answer 81

control

Question 82

the need to establish relationships with other people

Answer 82

affection

Question 83

the belief of group members who share a common goal that the work they do will be affected by other members of the group

Answer 83

social interdependence

Question 84

the stage of group development where members get to know each other and are introduced to the task at hand

Answer 84

forming

Question 85

the stage of group development where work commences and members begin to establish themselves within the group

Answer 85

storming

Question 86

the stage of group development where rules are established that will dictate how the group's goal will be accomplished

Answer 86

norming

Question 87

rules that are not clearly started or written down but are understood by members of the group

Answer 87

implicit rules

Question 88

rules that are written down and clearly stated for all members to know

Answer 88

explicit rules

Question 89

the stage of group development where members work to reach a conclusion that they will subsequently implement

Answer 89

performing

Question 90

the stage of group development where to group disbands becauses all of the work has been completed

Answer 90

adjourning

Question 91

the roles responsible for specific tasks within a group

Answer 91

task-oriented roles

Question 92

the roles responsible for the socialization and morale of the group

Answer 92

social roles

Question 93

the roles that place the needs and desires of the group member before that of the group

Answer 93

individualistic roles

Question 94

the tendency of members of a group to agree on a solution based on group consensus alone rather than weighing all of the possible options

Answer 94

groupthink

Question 95

the reaction that occurs in a small group where a group's size affects the output of the work done by its members

Answer 95

the Ringelmann Effect