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U.S. History 11 (Abeka) > Chapters 21-23 > Flashcards

Chapters 21-23 Flashcards

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1
Q

founded a national association of farmers called the Patrons of Husbandry, better known as the Grange

A

Oliver H. Kelley

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2
Q

marked the beginning of federal regulation of transportation facilities

A

Interstate Commerce Act of 1887

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3
Q

a business operated for the benefit of its members; its purpose is to save its members money, not to make a profit

A

cooperative

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4
Q

the process in which the supply of money is increased, the value of the dollar declines and prices go up

A

inflation

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5
Q

greenbacks

A

paper money issued during the Civil War; not backed by gold or any other valuable metal but by the government’s credit

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6
Q

The party that advocated that the federal government increase the number of greenbacks in circulation

A

Greenback Labor party

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7
Q

the movement that called for the unlimited coinage of silver

A

Free Silver Movement

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8
Q

Two acts which provided for the government to purchase and coin at lease a limited amount of silver each month

A

Bland-Allison Act (1878) and Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890)

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9
Q

politically active regional groups formed by farmers

A

Farmer’s Alliances

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10
Q

political party called the People’s Party

A

Populist Party

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11
Q

Populist Presidential candidate in the election of 1892

A

James B. Weaver

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12
Q

President: 1869-1877

A

Ulysses S. Grant

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13
Q

Two men responsible for the stock market crash in 1869 called “Black Friday”

A

Jay Gould and Jim Fisk

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14
Q

Democratic candidate in the election of 1876; competed against Hayes for the Presidency; smashed the notorious Tweed Ring

A

Samuel J. Tilden

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15
Q

President: 1877-1881;
competed against Tilden;
best remembered for his attempts to reform the civil service program

A

Rutherford B. Hayes

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16
Q

year the last federal troops removed from occupied southern states; marked the end of Reconstruction

A

1877

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17
Q

A German immigrant who was a strong advocate of civil service; cabinet member of Hayes

A

Carl Schurz

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18
Q

first lady known as “Lemonade Lucy”

A

Lucy Hayes

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19
Q

Republicans who opposed legislation to alter the civil service during the election of 1880

A

“Stalwarts”

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20
Q

Republicans who favored legislation to alter the civil service during the election of 1880

A

“Half-Breeds”

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21
Q

President: 1881;
last President to be born in a log cabin

A

James A. Garfield

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22
Q

assassinated Garfield

A

Charles J. Guiteau

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23
Q

President: 1881-1885;
succeeded Garfield after his death

A

Chester A. Arthur

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24
Q

the best-remembered achievement of the Arthur administration;
the basis for the modern civil service program;
established the Civil Service Commission

A

Pendleton Act (1883)

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25
Q

Republicans who refused to accept Blaine as the Republican Presidential nominee

A

“Mugwumps”

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26
Q

President: 1885-1889;
stood up to Tammany Hall;
first Democrat to win the Presidency after the Civil War;
only President to be married in the White House;
only President to serve two non-consecutive terms

A

Grover Cleveland

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27
Q

the act which provided that if both a President and VP should die in office or resign, the members of the cabinet should succeed to the Presidency in the order in which Congress had created their offices

A

Presidential Succession Act (1886)

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28
Q

act adopted to prevent another disputed election like that of 1876

A

Electoral Count Act (1887)

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29
Q

President: 1889-1893

A

Benjamin Harrison

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30
Q

Speaker of the House; known as “Czar Reed”

A

Thomas B. Reed

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31
Q

protective tariff which gave a higher degree of protection to American industry than any tariff passed up to that time

A

McKinley Tariff (1890)

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32
Q

the clause in the McKinley Tariff which offered a reciprocal trade agreement to foreign nations

A

reciprocity clause

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33
Q

President: 1893-1897

A

Grover Cleveland (second term)

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34
Q

stock market panic before Cleveland’s second inauguration

A

The Panic of 1893

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35
Q

protestors who marched on the Capitol during Cleveland’s second administration

A

“Coxey’s Army”

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36
Q

President: 1897-1901;
assassinated by an anarchist right after his reelection;
“front-porch campaign”

A

William McKinley

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37
Q

Democratic Presidential candidate in the election of 1896; unquestionably one of the greatest orators of all time; rejected a gold standard

A

William Jennings Bryan

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38
Q

Act that made gold the sole standard of monetary value

A

Gold Standard Act

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39
Q

French Emperor who tried to build a French empire in Mexico

A

Emperor Napoleon III

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40
Q

sent to establish a French empire in Mexico

A

Archduke Maximilian of Austria

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41
Q

Secretary of State who demanded that the French withdraw their troops from Mexico; negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia

A

William Seward

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42
Q

treaty between the US and the British as a result of the Alabama claims

A

Treaty of Washington

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43
Q

the settlement of a dispute by a person or persons chosen to hear both sides and come to a decision

A

arbitration

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44
Q

US ship docked in Chile; US sailors from this ship were attacked by Chileans

A

USS Baltimore

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45
Q

Secretary of State who called the first meeting of American republics, which resulted in the organization of the International Bureau of American Republics (later the Pan-American Union)

A

James G. Blaine

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46
Q

the organization that replaced the Pan-American Union

A

Organization of American States (OAS)

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47
Q

year the Senate ratified the treaty to buy Alaska from Russia

A

1867

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48
Q

year Alaska became the 49th state

A

1959

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49
Q

North American region near Alaska where gold was discovered

A

Klondike

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50
Q

Tutuila is part of what island group?

A

Samoan Islands

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51
Q

Who discovered the Hawaiian islands?

A

Captain James Cook

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52
Q

a trade agreement beneficial to both parties

A

reciprocal trade agreement

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53
Q

Where in Hawaii did the US establish a naval base?

A

Pearl Harbor

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54
Q

Hawaiian ruler who disapproved of white influence

A

Queen Liliuokalani

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55
Q

year the Hawaiian islands were annexed to the US

A

1898

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56
Q

year Hawaii became the 50th state

A

1959

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57
Q

What island is known as the “Pearl of the Antilles”?

A

Cuba

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58
Q

Who issued a “reconcentration order” in Cuba?

A

Spanish General Weyler

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59
Q

sensational and sometimes unfounded stories

A

yellow journalism

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60
Q

US battleship that sunk in the Havana harbor

A

Maine

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61
Q

years of the Spanish-American War (declaration of war –Treaty of Paris)

A

1898-1899

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62
Q

What stated that the US disclaimed any intention to control Cuba?

A

Teller Ammendment

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63
Q

Where was the first important action of the Spanish-American war?

A

Manila Bay, Philippine Islands

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64
Q

American commander of the U.S. Pacific fleet

A

Commodore George Dewey

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65
Q

commander of the U.S. Atlantic fleet

A

Rear Admiral William T. Sampson

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66
Q

commander of the Spanish Atlantic fleet

A

Admiral Cervera

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67
Q

American who attempted to blockade the Spanish fleet

A

Lieutenant Richard Hobson

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68
Q

group of volunteer cowboys, Indians, and college athletes led by Colonel Leonard Wood and Lt. Col. Theodore Roosevelt

A

Rough Riders

69
Q

What area did the Rough Riders charge against the same day the Americans took El Caney?

A

San Juan Hill

70
Q

U.S. Army general who invaded Puerto Rico

A

General Miles

71
Q

treaty between Spain and the U.S. at the end of the Spanish-American War

A

Treaty of Paris (1899)

72
Q

U.S. Army doctor who found a cure for yellow fever in Cuba

A

Walter Reed

73
Q

What stipulated the conditions under which Cuba would be granted independence?

A

Platt Amendment

74
Q

strategic U.S. naval base in Cuba

A

Guantanomo Bay

75
Q

year US-Cuban relations were destroyed

A

1959

76
Q

leader of the Filipino revolt

A

Aguinaldo

77
Q

first civil governor of the Philippines

A

William Howard Taft

78
Q

What act allowed the Philippine voters to elect a senate and the assembly

A

Jones Act

79
Q

What act provided that the Philippines were to be independent in 1946?

A

Tydings-McDuffie Act

80
Q

Who reconquered the Philippine Islands in 1944-1945?

A

General Douglas MacArthur

81
Q

What act provided for Puerto Rico to become an unorganized territory and empowered the US President to appoint a governor and executive council?

A

Foraker Act

82
Q

What act granted the Puerto Ricans American citizenship?

A

Jones Act

83
Q

In what year did Puerto Rico become a self-governing commonwealth of the United States?

A

1952

84
Q

What program benefitted the Puerto Rican economy?

A

“Operation Bootstrap”

85
Q

What were the Supreme Court cases in which the court ruled that the COnstitution does not necessarily follow the flag?

A

Insular Cases

86
Q

In what year did Guam become a US territory?

A

1950

87
Q

What was the center of life for most Americans at the turn of the 20th century?

A

the home

88
Q

In what year did Henry Ford produce the Model T?

A

1908

89
Q

Who introduced the assembly line process of mass production?

A

Henry Ford

90
Q

What was the largest philanthropic organization in the world?

A

Ford Foundation

91
Q

Who made the first successful powered flight at Kitty Hawk, NC, in 1903?

A

Orville and Wilbur Wright

92
Q

Who devised a wireless telegraph system?

A

Guglielmo Marconi

93
Q

What was the first commercial broadcasting station in the US?

A

KDKA

94
Q

When did the Titanic sink?

A

1912

95
Q

What two technological advancements did much to spur industry in the early 1900s?

A

electricity and the internal combustion engine

96
Q

President: 1901-1909;
the youngest man ever to become President;
the most popular President of the early 1900s

A

Theodore Roosevelt

97
Q

Roosevelt’s First Volunteer Calvary Regiment

A

“Rough Riders”

98
Q

Roosevelt’s policy for all Americans

A

“square deal”

99
Q

What years were the Progressive Era?

A

1900-1920

100
Q

Who was nicknamed “Battling Bob” for his fight for what he considered good government?

A

Robert M. La Follette

101
Q

What three Presidential administrations were Progressive?

A

Roosevelt, Taft, Wilson

102
Q

What Act speeded up the handling of antitrust cases in the federal courts?

A

Expedition Act (1903)

103
Q

Roosevelt’s nickname because of his action against big businesses

A

“Trust-buster”

104
Q

What act made it illegal for a shipper to accept a rebate from a railroad?

A

Elkins Act (1903)

105
Q

What act strengthened the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission over railroads?

A

Hepburn Act (1906)

106
Q

What department was established in 1903 that was later split into two in 1913 and included a Bureau of Corporations, which had authority to investigate large industrial combinations?

A

Department of Commerce and Labor

107
Q

What group led by John Mitchell went on strike, calling for a shorter working day and an increase in pay, in 1902?

A

United Mine Workers

108
Q

Economic panic as a result of Roosevelt’s attack against big businesses

A

Panic of 1907

109
Q

Tarbell, Steffens, and Sinclair were part of what group of social critics of the Progressive Era?

A

“muckrakers”

110
Q

What act granted federal authorities the power to inspect all meat shipped in interstate commerce?

A

Meat Inspection Act (1906)

111
Q

What act was designed to prevent the manufacture and sale of adulterated foods and drugs?

A

Pure Food and Drug Act (1906)

112
Q

Who was Roosevelt’s chief forester and published conservation articles in National Geographic?

A

Gifford Pinchot

113
Q

What commission was established with Pinchot as chairman?

A

National Conservation Commission

114
Q

What act provided that money from the sale of public land in 16 western states was to be used to initiate irrigation projects to make arid land productive?

A

Newlands Reclamation Act (1902)

115
Q

What treaty granted the US the right to build and police a canal through Central America?

A

Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901)

116
Q

What treaty between Panama and the US granted the US a zone 10 miles wide through the isthmus?

A

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

117
Q

Who was appointed as the chief sanitary officer in the Canal Zone?

A

Colonel William C. Gorgas

118
Q

Whom did Roosevelt appoint to take charge of the Panama Canal project?

A

Colonel George Washington Goethals

119
Q

In what year was the Panama Canal opened for use?

A

1914

120
Q

What was Roosevelt’s general policy slogan?

A

“Speak softly and carry a big stick.”

121
Q

What was Roosevelt’s expanded interpretation of Monroe’s original policy statement?

A

the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

122
Q

What was the policy in which Secretary of State Hay requested that other powers respect certain Chinese rights and maintain an “Open Door” in China?

A

Open Door policy

123
Q

What famous survivor of the Boxer Rebellion was a missionary from Canada?

A

Jonathan Goforth

124
Q

war 1904-1905

A

Russo-Japanese War

125
Q

Who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his part in settling the Russo-Japanese War?

A

Roosevelt

126
Q

In what agreement did the Japanese government agree to withhold passports from Japanese laborers seeking to come to the US?

A

Gentlemen’s Agreement

127
Q

What was Roosevelt’s naval around-the-world display of military strength called?

A

“Great White Fleet”

128
Q

President: 1909-1913

A

William Howard Taft

129
Q

What two states were admitted to the Union in 1912?

A

New Mexico and Arizona

130
Q

What bill lowered tariff rates on some items but kept most rates substantially as they were under the Dingley Tariff?

A

Payne-Aldrich Bill

131
Q

What states that only those combinations suspected of constituting an “unreasonable” restraint of trade should be prosecuted?

A

“rule of reason”

132
Q

What act greatly strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission by giving it greater control over railroad shipping rates and bringing the supervision of telephone, telegraph, and cable companies under its control?

A

Mann-Elkins Act (1910)

133
Q

What was created to conserve natural resources and help protect the welfare of miners?

A

Bureau of Mines

134
Q

What was Taft’s policy called?

A

“dollar diplomacy”

135
Q

For what election was the Progressive Party organized? Who was its candidate? What was the party nicknamed?

A

Election of 1912; Theodore Roosevelt; Bull Moose Party

136
Q

President: 1913-1921

A

Thomas Woodrow Wilson

137
Q

Who was the only man in history to serve first as President and then as chief justice of the Supreme Court?

A

William Howard Taft

138
Q

Who was the first President since John Adams to make a personal appearance before Congress?

A

Woodrow Wilson

139
Q

What act/bill was the first major tariff revision since before the Civil War, was one of the most significant tariff acts in American history, and provided for a tax on personal incomes?

A

Underwood-Simmons Bill (1913)

140
Q

What amendment to the Constitution made the levying of income tax possible?

A

16th Amendment

141
Q

What act created a privately controlled central banking system under the auspices of the federal government and divided the nation into 12 banking districts, with a Federal Reserve Bank located in each district?

A

Federal Reserve Act (1913)

142
Q

What were issued to member banks in exchange for bonds and promissory notes?

A

Federal Reserve notes

143
Q

What serves as the banker for the federal government?

A

the Federal Reserve System

144
Q

the percentage of deposits member banks are required to hold in reserve

A

reserve requirement

145
Q

the rate of interest it charges member banks that borrow money from Federal Reserve Banks

A

discount rate

146
Q

What act declared certain business practices illegal?

A

Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)

147
Q

what type of business organization was formed when the same men served on the board of directors from several different companies?

A

interlocking directorate

148
Q

What is a corporation whose business held stock in other corporations, possibly creating a monopoly?

A

holding company

149
Q

What country was torn by revolution in 1914-1915?

A

Haiti

150
Q

What country experienced a revolution in 1916?

A

Dominican Republic

151
Q

What did Haiti become when the US took over the supervision of Haitian customs to help Haiti pay off its debts?

A

a temporary protectorate of the US

152
Q

How much money did the US pay Nicaragua in 1916 to promote the security of the Panama Canal and the Caribbean Sea and to receive a perpetual option to build a canal through Nicaragua?

A

$3 million

153
Q

What islands did the US purchase in 1917 from Denmark?

A

the Danish West Indies (the Virgin Islands)

154
Q

What Mexican dictator was overthrown in 1911?

A

Porfirio Diaz

155
Q

What Mexican dictator took over Mexico in 1911 after Diaz was overthrown and promised to make reforms and to adopt a democratic constitution (but didn’t)?

A

Francisco Madero

156
Q

Who headed a new government (bloody and dictatorial regime) in Mexico after a revolutionary group murdered Madero?

A

Victoriano Huerta

157
Q

What two Mexicans were Huerta’s rivals?

A

Carranza and Villa

158
Q

What Mexican city did US naval forces occupy in order to keep Huerta’s forces from receiving German munitions?

A

Veracruz

159
Q

What were the ABC powers that offered to mediate the situation between the US and Mexico?

A

Argentina, Brazil, and Chile

160
Q

Who commanded the capture of Villa in Mexico?

A

General John Pershing

161
Q

What Speaker of the HOuse from 1903 to 1911 became known for ruling the House with an especially uncompromising hand?

A

Joseph G. (“Uncle Joe”) Cannon

162
Q

What Amendment provided for the direct election of senators by the voters but defeated the original Constitutional purpose of the Senate?

A

17th Amendment

163
Q

What amendment guaranteed women the right to vote?

A

19th Amendment

164
Q

What is the process by which a stipulated percentage of voters in a state can initiate or begin the passage of a state law without waiting for the state legislature to propose the law?

A

initiative

165
Q

By what process is a proposed law referred to the voters, who can then pass or defeat it?

A

referendum

166
Q

By what process can an official be removed from office before his term expires?

A

recall

167
Q

What gives voters a voice in nominating candidates to run for public office?

A

direct primary

168
Q

What form of city government was introduced in Texas and allowed city commissioners to be elected by the voters without regard for party affiliation?

A

the commission form of city government

169
Q

In what city was the city-manager form of government popularized?

A

Dayton, Ohio

U.S. History 11 (Abeka) (6 decks)

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