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U.S. History 11 (Abeka) > Chapters 28-29 > Flashcards

Chapters 28-29 Flashcards

1
Q

Who succeeded Franklin Roosevelt as President in 1945?

A

Harry S. Truman

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2
Q

What Congressional act provided discharge pay, hospitalization, government loans for purchasing homes, farms or businesses, and educational benefits for veterans?

A

G.I. Bill of Rights

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3
Q

What ended the Depression?

A

the postwar economic boom

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4
Q

What is the erosion of the value of money?

A

inflation

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5
Q

What act was passed to curb the growing power of labor unions?

A

Taft-Hartley Act

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6
Q

What amendment limited future Presidents to two terms in office?

A

22nd Amendment

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7
Q

What did Truman call the program of socialistic legislation?

A

“Fair Deal”

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8
Q

What treaty provided military aid to European allies and other friendly nations?

A

North Atlantic Treaty

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9
Q

What program began with an appropriation of $25 million by Congress and was designed to give assistance to underdeveloped countries?

A

Point Four Program

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10
Q

What two acts were used to combat Communist subversion in America?

A

The Smith Act and the Internal Security Act

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11
Q

What member of the State Department transferred documents to a Soviet agent?

A

Alger Hiss

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12
Q

What couple was executed for leaking vital atomic bomb secrets to Russian agents?

A

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

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13
Q

Who was the former Communist party member and Soviet spy who turned against Communism and exposed a spy ring of which Alger Hiss was a member?

A

Whittaker Chambers

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14
Q

Who charged that the U.S. State Department had been infiltrated by large numbers of Communist spies?

A

Joseph P. McCarthy

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15
Q

What was the conflict between two opposing ideologies: Capitalism vs. Communism?

A

The “Cold War”

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16
Q

What was set up by the UN in order to meet nuclear threats to world peace?

A

International Atomic Energy Authority

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17
Q

What term did Churchill use to describe Communism in Eastern Europe?

A

“Iron Curtain”

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18
Q

What program helped the European nations in their recovery after WWII?

A

Marshall Plan

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19
Q

What stated that the US would employ its resources to prevent the overthrow of any democracy through outside interference?

A

Truman Doctrine

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20
Q

What did the Americans establish to save millions of West Berliners from starvation?

A

Berlin Air-Lift

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21
Q

What defense pact was signed by the US, Canada, and 10 western European nations as a security against Communism? What association of nations did it establish?

A

North Atlantic Pact (1949)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

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22
Q

What “defensive” association did Russia form to counter NATO?

A

the Warsaw Pact

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23
Q

Who was both the Supreme Commander in the Allied occupation of Japan and the commander of American and UN forces during most of the Korean War?

A

General Douglas MacArthur

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24
Q

What conference officially ended the Allied occupation of Japan?

A

Japanese Peace Treaty Conference

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25
Q

Who was the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe?

A

General Dwight D. Eisenhower

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26
Q

What act gave the President authority to fix wage and price ceilings?

A

Defense Production Act

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27
Q

What is the dividing line between North and South Korea?

A

38th Parallel

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28
Q

Who led the Communist Chinese?

A

Mao Tse-tung

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29
Q

Who led the Chinese Nationalists?

A

Chiang Kai-shek

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30
Q

What American general recommended withdrawal of American support from Nationalist China?

A

General George C. Marshall

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31
Q

When did North Korean forces invade South Korea?

A

June 25, 1950

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32
Q

What is the capital of South Korea?

A

Seoul

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33
Q

To what battle line in the southeast corner of Korea did the outnumbered and outgunned South Koreans and Americans withdraw?

A

Pusan Perimeter

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34
Q

What did President Truman do in April 1951 that shocked the nation?

A

He abruptly removed General MacArthur from command.

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35
Q

Who was elected President in 1952? Who was his VP?

A

Dwight D. Eisenhower; Richard M. Nixon

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36
Q

Who was secretary of state under Eisenhower?

A

John Foster Dulles

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37
Q

What department was created from the Federal Security Agency?

A

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

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38
Q

What organization was formed to resist Communist aggression and expansion in Southeast Asia?

A

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)

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39
Q

What two men helped make West Germany one of the most prosperous nations in the world?

A

Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and Ludwig Erhard

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40
Q

What was the economic trend of the Eisenhower Administration?

A

Away from government participation in business and the economy

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41
Q

What unified labor front made its appearance in 1955? Who was its president?

A

AFL-CIO; George Meany

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42
Q

What did the US construct in 1954 in partnership with Canada?

A

St. Lawrence Seaway

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43
Q

What act cleared the way for private, commercial development of atomic power?

A

Atomic Energy Act

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44
Q

What was the world’s first nuclear-powered merchant vessel?

A

Savannah

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45
Q

Who was the Marxist leader of East Germany who attempted to increase working hours while retaining low wages?

A

Walter Ulbricht

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46
Q

Where did the greatest resistance to Communist tyranny occur in 1956?

A

Hungary

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47
Q

In what year did Israel become a nation?

A

1948

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48
Q

Who was the president of Egypt during the Suez Canal crisis?

A

Gamal Nasser

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49
Q

In what project did the US cancel its participation after learning of Nasser’s duplicity?

A

Aswan High dam

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50
Q

What was formed by the union of Egypt and Syria in 1958?

A

United Arab Republic (UAR)

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51
Q

To what country did President Eisenhower send U.S. Marines in 1958 to protect American lives and prevent Arab revolt?

A

Lebanon

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52
Q

What Nationalist Chinese islands were bombarded by Communist China and protected by American naval and air forces?

A

Quemoy and Matsu

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53
Q

Where did Eisenhower order a buildup of American naval and air forces, making it possible for beleaguered Nationalist Chinese troops on Quemoy and Matsu to receive supplies?

A

Formosa Strait

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54
Q

What doctrine expressed the President’s determination to use force, if necessary, to stop Communist aggression in the Middle East?

A

Eisenhower Doctrine (1957)

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55
Q

What was the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth?

A

Sputnik I

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56
Q

What was created to further US space research and development?

A

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

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57
Q

What was the US’s first man-made satellite?

A

Explorer I

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58
Q

Who was the Chief Justice during the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka case?

A

Earl Warren

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59
Q

Which court case resulted in the desegregation of public schools? In what year?

A

Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka; 1954

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60
Q

Who was arrested after boarding a bus in Montgomery, Alabama?

A

Rosa Parks

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61
Q

Who helped to organize a boycott of the city bus system after Rosa Park’s arrest?

A

Martin Luther King, Jr.

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62
Q

What group formed by Martin Luther King, Jr., pledged itself to nonviolent resistance in the struggle for civil rights?

A

Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

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63
Q

What two states were added to the Union in 1959?

A

Alaska and Hawaii

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64
Q

Who became the premier of the Soviet Union shortly after the Geneva Summit?

A

Nikita Khrushchev

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65
Q

Who piloted the U-2 that was shot down over Russia?

A

Francis Gary Powers

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66
Q

What pro-Communist premier of the Republic of the Congo was assassinated during the civil war?

A

Patrice Lumumba

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67
Q

What Christian American medical missionary was murdered in the Republic of the Congo?

A

Dr. Paul Carlson

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68
Q

What Cuban dictator was ousted by Communist revolutionaries in 1959? Who led the revolution?

A

Fulgencio Batista; Fidel Castro

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69
Q

What movement organized by Fidel Castro in Mexico was named after his aborted attempt to seize the Cuban government in 1953?

A

the 26th of July Movement

70
Q

Who introduced the polio vaccine?

A

Jonas E. Stalk

71
Q

Who perfected the polio vaccine?

A

Albert B. Sabin

72
Q

What was the world’s longest suspension bridge (1957)?

A

Mackinac Straits Bridge

73
Q

What is the largest domestic building program in the United States?

A

The Interstate Highway System

74
Q

Who became the first black American ballplayer to play for a major league team?

A

Jackie Robinson

75
Q

Who was the youngest man ever elected to the Presidency?

A

John Fitzgerald Kennedy

76
Q

What was JFK’s liberal program called which laid the foundation for the greatest growth in government welfare and regulatory agencies since the New Deal?

A

“New Frontier”

77
Q

What was the major domestic issue during the Kennedy years?

A

the demand for equal rights for black Americans

78
Q

What were sit-ins?

A

Black college students sat at lunch counters in the sections reserved for whites only.

79
Q

What group of blacks and white toured the South by bus to protest local segregation laws?

A

“freedom riders”

80
Q

Who became the first black American man to make an attempt to enroll at the all-white University of Mississippi?

A

James Meredith

81
Q

What was the most dramatic moment of the civil rights movement?

A

MLK’s speech from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in 1963

82
Q

In what court case were public schools forbidden to require the recitation of prayers?

A

Engel vs. Vitale

83
Q

What court case banned school prayers and Bible reading, even if they were voluntary?

A

Abington School District vs. Schempp

84
Q

Who was the atheist and Marxist who was brought to national attention through a court case in Maryland?

A

Madalyn Murray O’Hair

85
Q

What was the program of single-manned space flights?

A

Project Mercury

86
Q

Who was the first American in space?

A

Alan B. Shepard, Jr.

87
Q

Who became the first American to orbit the earth?

A

John H. Glenn, Jr.

88
Q

What were the first two American communications satellites?

A

Telstar and Relay

89
Q

What satellite passed within nearly 22,000 miles of the planet Venus in 1962?

A

Mariner II

90
Q

Where did American-trained Cuban freedom fighters attempt to invade Communist Cuba?

A

Bay of Pigs

91
Q

What did Kennedy and Khrushchev agree to end on October 28, 1962?

A

Cuban Missile Crisis

92
Q

What was built by East Germany to keep their people from escaping to the West?

A

Berlin Wall

93
Q

What three countries of Southeast Asia were formerly known as French Indochina?

A

Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia

94
Q

What called for democratic elections in 1956 to unite Vietnam under one government, whether Communist of free?

A

Geneva Accords

95
Q

What were Communist guerillas in Vietnam called?

A

Viet Cong

96
Q

What special U.S. Army unit was sent to South Vietnam by Eisenhower and later by Kennedy to aid the South Vietnamese in their struggle against Communist aggression?

A

Green Berets

97
Q

Who assassinated President Kennedy, where, and when?

A

Lee Harvey Oswald; Dallas, Texas; 1963

98
Q

Who succeeded JFK as President in 1963?

A

Lyndon Baines Johnson

99
Q

Whom did Johnson run against in the Presidential election of 1964?

A

Barry M. Goldwater

100
Q

What did Johnson call his social welfare program?

A

the “Great Society”

101
Q

What act in 1965 continued federal grants for the construction of college buildings and ensured student loans and grants?

A

The Higher Education Act of 1965

102
Q

What act granted the first direct federal funding of local public schools?

A

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act

103
Q

What act inaugurated programs for the “War on Poverty”?

A

The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964

104
Q

What act was designed to provide medical care for the elderly under the Social Security system?

A

The Medicare Act of 1965

105
Q

What act was intended to raise the standard of living in the Appalachian Mountain region?

A

The Appalachian Development Act

106
Q

What two new Cabinet-level offices were established by the Johnson Administration?

A

the Department of HOusing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Department of Transportation

107
Q

What became the largest public welfare program since the New Deal?

A

The Great Society

108
Q

What were poor inner city sections called?

A

ghettos

109
Q

What act in 1968 prohibited discrimination in renting or selling houses?

A

Fair Housing Act

110
Q

What was one of the white supremacist organizations?

A

Ku Klux Klan

111
Q

What was one of the black separatist groups?

A

Black Panthers

112
Q

What prominent black separatist leader was assassinated in 1965?

A

Malcom X

113
Q

What act prohibited racial discrimination in public places?

A

The 1964 Civil Rights Act

114
Q

What amendment outlawed pool taxes for national elections?

A

the 24th Amendment

115
Q

What act strengthened previous voting rights laws, and the number of black Americans registered to vote increased by 40 percent?

A

the 1965 Voting Rights Act

116
Q

Who became the first black American cabinet officer?

A

Robert Weaver

117
Q

Who was the first black associate justice of the Supreme Court?

A

Thurgood Marshall

118
Q

What important civil rights leader was assassinated in 1968?

A

Martin Luther King, Jr.

119
Q

What resolution of Congress passed in August 1964 provided legal justification for U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War?

A

The GUlf of Tonkin Resolution

120
Q

When were the first U.S. combat troops sent to South Vietnam?

A

1965

121
Q

Who commanded the U.S. troops in South Vietnam?

A

General William C. Westmoreland

122
Q

What’s the name for the series of devastating battles begun by the Communists in Vietnam?

A

the Tet Offensive

123
Q

What were Americans who supported the fight against Communism called?

A

“hawks”

124
Q

What were Americans who were soft toward Communism called?

A

“doves”

125
Q

What war erupted in the Middle East when Egypt, Jordan, and Syria attacked Israel in June 1967?

A

Six-Day War

126
Q

What is a two-man space project called?

A

Gemini

127
Q

What is a three-man space project called?

A

Apollo

128
Q

Who were the Apollo 11 astronauts who traveled to the moon in the largest, heaviest spacecraft launched to that date?

A

Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., and Michael Collins

129
Q

Who became the first basketball player ever to score 100 points during a single professional game?

A

Wilt Chamberlain

130
Q

Name some of the leading baseball players of the 1960s.

A

Roger Maris, Mickey Mantle, Hank Aaron, and Willie Mays

131
Q

What counterculture movement attempted to erode the values of traditional American culture?

A

the “hippie” lifestyle

132
Q

Who assassinated Robert F. Kennedy (JFK’s brother)?

A

Sirhan Biashara Sirhan

133
Q

Who won the election of 1968?

A

Richard M. Nixon

134
Q

Whose administration concentrated on bringing peace to Vietnam?

A

the Nixon Administration

135
Q

Name two college campuses where violent anti-war demonstrations were held.

A

Kent State University and Jackson State College

136
Q

What amendment lowered the voting age to 18?

A

the 26th Amendment

137
Q

Who ran against Nixon and lost in the 1972 election?

A

Goerge McGovern

138
Q

When were the last U.S. troops withdrawn from Vietnam?

A

1973

139
Q

What was the longest war the US was ever involved in and America’s first no-win war?

A

Vietnam

140
Q

Who was the spokesman for detente during Nixon’s Administration?

A

Henry Kissinger

141
Q

What was the agreement between the US and the Soviet Union in which the US and Soviet Union agreed to limit the production of nuclear arms?

A

SALT 1

142
Q

In what year did President Nixon visit Communist China?

A

1972

143
Q

In what war in 1973 was Israel attacked by Syria, Egypt, and Jordan?

A

Yom Kippur War

144
Q

What made oil scare, resulting in long lines at gas stations?

A

the Arab Oil Embargo

145
Q

What was the monopoly designed to control the supply and price of Middle Eastern oil?

A

OPEC

146
Q

What building project did Congress initiate to lessen American dependence on Middle East oil?

A

Alaska Pipeline

147
Q

What was the root cause of inflation during Nixon’s administration?

A

the loose money policies of the Federal Reserve

148
Q

What Supreme Court decision in 1972 caused an increase in crime across the nation?

A

ruling against capital punishment

149
Q

Who are people that believe the Constitution should be interpreted as the Founding Fathers intended known as?

A

strict constructionists

150
Q

What 1973 Supreme Court decision ruled in favor of abortion?

A

Roe vs. Wade

151
Q

What VP resigned from office after admitting to taking bribes and evading his income tax?

A

Spiro Agnew

152
Q

In what year did the Watergate affair occur?

A

1974

153
Q

What political scandal let to President Nixon’s resignation in 1974?

A

Watergate affair

154
Q

Who became President after Nixon’s resignation?

A

Gerald R. Ford

155
Q

What was one of the programs expanded by Congress during Ford’s administration?

A

the Food Stamp Program

156
Q

In what year did President Ford officially announce the end of American involvement in Vietnam and order the evacuation of US civilians and embassy personnel?

A

1975

157
Q

What was the capital of South Vietnam?

A

Saigon

158
Q

In what year did South Vietnam fall to the Communists?

A

1975

159
Q

What two other countries fell to Communism after Vietnam?

A

Cambodia and Laos

160
Q

Who won the Presidential election of 1976?

A

James (Jimmy) Carter

161
Q

On what concept did Carter build his policy?

A

human rights

162
Q

What area did President Carter negotiate to surrender in 1977?

A

the Panama Canal Zone

163
Q

Carter’s policy of appeasement and reluctance to contain Communism with force no doubt encouraged the Soviet invasion of what country in 1979?

A

Afghanistan

164
Q

What disarmament agreement was signed by President Carter and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, the signing of which was followed by the Communist invasion of Afghanistan?

A

SALT II

165
Q

What treaty promised peace between Egypt and Israel and what three leaders signed it?

A

Camp David Peace Accord; President Carter, Begin, and Sadat

166
Q

In what country were 63 Americans taken hostage in 1979?

A

Iran

167
Q

What Muslim religious leader led the capture of the American embassy in Tehran in 1979 after a revolution deposed the anti-Communist Shah of Iran?

A

Ayatollah Khomeini

168
Q

What new Cabinet position was created during the Carter administration?

A

the secretary of energy

169
Q

Where did a nuclear power plant accident take place in 1979?

A

Three Mile Island

170
Q

What was the highlight of the 1970s?

A

the Bicentennial Celebration of 1976

U.S. History 11 (Abeka) (6 decks)

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