Chapters 28-29 Flashcards
(170 cards)
1
Q
Who succeeded Franklin Roosevelt as President in 1945?
A
Harry S. Truman
2
Q
What Congressional act provided discharge pay, hospitalization, government loans for purchasing homes, farms or businesses, and educational benefits for veterans?
A
G.I. Bill of Rights
3
Q
What ended the Depression?
A
the postwar economic boom
4
Q
What is the erosion of the value of money?
A
inflation
5
Q
What act was passed to curb the growing power of labor unions?
A
Taft-Hartley Act
6
Q
What amendment limited future Presidents to two terms in office?
A
22nd Amendment
7
Q
What did Truman call the program of socialistic legislation?
A
“Fair Deal”
8
Q
What treaty provided military aid to European allies and other friendly nations?
A
North Atlantic Treaty
9
Q
What program began with an appropriation of $25 million by Congress and was designed to give assistance to underdeveloped countries?
A
Point Four Program
10
Q
What two acts were used to combat Communist subversion in America?
A
The Smith Act and the Internal Security Act
11
Q
What member of the State Department transferred documents to a Soviet agent?
A
Alger Hiss
12
Q
What couple was executed for leaking vital atomic bomb secrets to Russian agents?
A
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
13
Q
Who was the former Communist party member and Soviet spy who turned against Communism and exposed a spy ring of which Alger Hiss was a member?
A
Whittaker Chambers
14
Q
Who charged that the U.S. State Department had been infiltrated by large numbers of Communist spies?
A
Joseph P. McCarthy
15
Q
What was the conflict between two opposing ideologies: Capitalism vs. Communism?
A
The “Cold War”
16
Q
What was set up by the UN in order to meet nuclear threats to world peace?
A
International Atomic Energy Authority
17
Q
What term did Churchill use to describe Communism in Eastern Europe?
A
“Iron Curtain”
18
Q
What program helped the European nations in their recovery after WWII?
A
Marshall Plan
19
Q
What stated that the US would employ its resources to prevent the overthrow of any democracy through outside interference?
A
Truman Doctrine
20
Q
What did the Americans establish to save millions of West Berliners from starvation?
A
Berlin Air-Lift
21
Q
What defense pact was signed by the US, Canada, and 10 western European nations as a security against Communism? What association of nations did it establish?
A
North Atlantic Pact (1949)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
22
Q
What “defensive” association did Russia form to counter NATO?
A
the Warsaw Pact
23
Q
Who was both the Supreme Commander in the Allied occupation of Japan and the commander of American and UN forces during most of the Korean War?
A
General Douglas MacArthur
24
Q
What conference officially ended the Allied occupation of Japan?
A
Japanese Peace Treaty Conference
25
Who was the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe?
General Dwight D. Eisenhower
26
What act gave the President authority to fix wage and price ceilings?
Defense Production Act
27
What is the dividing line between North and South Korea?
38th Parallel
28
Who led the Communist Chinese?
Mao Tse-tung
29
Who led the Chinese Nationalists?
Chiang Kai-shek
30
What American general recommended withdrawal of American support from Nationalist China?
General George C. Marshall
31
When did North Korean forces invade South Korea?
June 25, 1950
32
What is the capital of South Korea?
Seoul
33
To what battle line in the southeast corner of Korea did the outnumbered and outgunned South Koreans and Americans withdraw?
Pusan Perimeter
34
What did President Truman do in April 1951 that shocked the nation?
He abruptly removed General MacArthur from command.
35
Who was elected President in 1952? Who was his VP?
Dwight D. Eisenhower; Richard M. Nixon
36
Who was secretary of state under Eisenhower?
John Foster Dulles
37
What department was created from the Federal Security Agency?
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
38
What organization was formed to resist Communist aggression and expansion in Southeast Asia?
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
39
What two men helped make West Germany one of the most prosperous nations in the world?
Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and Ludwig Erhard
40
What was the economic trend of the Eisenhower Administration?
Away from government participation in business and the economy
41
What unified labor front made its appearance in 1955? Who was its president?
AFL-CIO; George Meany
42
What did the US construct in 1954 in partnership with Canada?
St. Lawrence Seaway
43
What act cleared the way for private, commercial development of atomic power?
Atomic Energy Act
44
What was the world's first nuclear-powered merchant vessel?
Savannah
45
Who was the Marxist leader of East Germany who attempted to increase working hours while retaining low wages?
Walter Ulbricht
46
Where did the greatest resistance to Communist tyranny occur in 1956?
Hungary
47
In what year did Israel become a nation?
1948
48
Who was the president of Egypt during the Suez Canal crisis?
Gamal Nasser
49
In what project did the US cancel its participation after learning of Nasser's duplicity?
Aswan High dam
50
What was formed by the union of Egypt and Syria in 1958?
United Arab Republic (UAR)
51
To what country did President Eisenhower send U.S. Marines in 1958 to protect American lives and prevent Arab revolt?
Lebanon
52
What Nationalist Chinese islands were bombarded by Communist China and protected by American naval and air forces?
Quemoy and Matsu
53
Where did Eisenhower order a buildup of American naval and air forces, making it possible for beleaguered Nationalist Chinese troops on Quemoy and Matsu to receive supplies?
Formosa Strait
54
What doctrine expressed the President's determination to use force, if necessary, to stop Communist aggression in the Middle East?
Eisenhower Doctrine (1957)
55
What was the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth?
Sputnik I
56
What was created to further US space research and development?
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
57
What was the US's first man-made satellite?
Explorer I
58
Who was the Chief Justice during the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka case?
Earl Warren
59
Which court case resulted in the desegregation of public schools? In what year?
Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka; 1954
60
Who was arrested after boarding a bus in Montgomery, Alabama?
Rosa Parks
61
Who helped to organize a boycott of the city bus system after Rosa Park's arrest?
Martin Luther King, Jr.
62
What group formed by Martin Luther King, Jr., pledged itself to nonviolent resistance in the struggle for civil rights?
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
63
What two states were added to the Union in 1959?
Alaska and Hawaii
64
Who became the premier of the Soviet Union shortly after the Geneva Summit?
Nikita Khrushchev
65
Who piloted the U-2 that was shot down over Russia?
Francis Gary Powers
66
What pro-Communist premier of the Republic of the Congo was assassinated during the civil war?
Patrice Lumumba
67
What Christian American medical missionary was murdered in the Republic of the Congo?
Dr. Paul Carlson
68
What Cuban dictator was ousted by Communist revolutionaries in 1959? Who led the revolution?
Fulgencio Batista; Fidel Castro
69
What movement organized by Fidel Castro in Mexico was named after his aborted attempt to seize the Cuban government in 1953?
the 26th of July Movement
70
Who introduced the polio vaccine?
Jonas E. Stalk
71
Who perfected the polio vaccine?
Albert B. Sabin
72
What was the world's longest suspension bridge (1957)?
Mackinac Straits Bridge
73
What is the largest domestic building program in the United States?
The Interstate Highway System
74
Who became the first black American ballplayer to play for a major league team?
Jackie Robinson
75
Who was the youngest man ever elected to the Presidency?
John Fitzgerald Kennedy
76
What was JFK's liberal program called which laid the foundation for the greatest growth in government welfare and regulatory agencies since the New Deal?
"New Frontier"
77
What was the major domestic issue during the Kennedy years?
the demand for equal rights for black Americans
78
What were sit-ins?
Black college students sat at lunch counters in the sections reserved for whites only.
79
What group of blacks and white toured the South by bus to protest local segregation laws?
"freedom riders"
80
Who became the first black American man to make an attempt to enroll at the all-white University of Mississippi?
James Meredith
81
What was the most dramatic moment of the civil rights movement?
MLK's speech from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in 1963
82
In what court case were public schools forbidden to require the recitation of prayers?
Engel vs. Vitale
83
What court case banned school prayers and Bible reading, even if they were voluntary?
Abington School District vs. Schempp
84
Who was the atheist and Marxist who was brought to national attention through a court case in Maryland?
Madalyn Murray O'Hair
85
What was the program of single-manned space flights?
Project Mercury
86
Who was the first American in space?
Alan B. Shepard, Jr.
87
Who became the first American to orbit the earth?
John H. Glenn, Jr.
88
What were the first two American communications satellites?
Telstar and Relay
89
What satellite passed within nearly 22,000 miles of the planet Venus in 1962?
Mariner II
90
Where did American-trained Cuban freedom fighters attempt to invade Communist Cuba?
Bay of Pigs
91
What did Kennedy and Khrushchev agree to end on October 28, 1962?
Cuban Missile Crisis
92
What was built by East Germany to keep their people from escaping to the West?
Berlin Wall
93
What three countries of Southeast Asia were formerly known as French Indochina?
Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
94
What called for democratic elections in 1956 to unite Vietnam under one government, whether Communist of free?
Geneva Accords
95
What were Communist guerillas in Vietnam called?
Viet Cong
96
What special U.S. Army unit was sent to South Vietnam by Eisenhower and later by Kennedy to aid the South Vietnamese in their struggle against Communist aggression?
Green Berets
97
Who assassinated President Kennedy, where, and when?
Lee Harvey Oswald; Dallas, Texas; 1963
98
Who succeeded JFK as President in 1963?
Lyndon Baines Johnson
99
Whom did Johnson run against in the Presidential election of 1964?
Barry M. Goldwater
100
What did Johnson call his social welfare program?
the "Great Society"
101
What act in 1965 continued federal grants for the construction of college buildings and ensured student loans and grants?
The Higher Education Act of 1965
102
What act granted the first direct federal funding of local public schools?
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act
103
What act inaugurated programs for the "War on Poverty"?
The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964
104
What act was designed to provide medical care for the elderly under the Social Security system?
The Medicare Act of 1965
105
What act was intended to raise the standard of living in the Appalachian Mountain region?
The Appalachian Development Act
106
What two new Cabinet-level offices were established by the Johnson Administration?
the Department of HOusing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Department of Transportation
107
What became the largest public welfare program since the New Deal?
The Great Society
108
What were poor inner city sections called?
ghettos
109
What act in 1968 prohibited discrimination in renting or selling houses?
Fair Housing Act
110
What was one of the white supremacist organizations?
Ku Klux Klan
111
What was one of the black separatist groups?
Black Panthers
112
What prominent black separatist leader was assassinated in 1965?
Malcom X
113
What act prohibited racial discrimination in public places?
The 1964 Civil Rights Act
114
What amendment outlawed pool taxes for national elections?
the 24th Amendment
115
What act strengthened previous voting rights laws, and the number of black Americans registered to vote increased by 40 percent?
the 1965 Voting Rights Act
116
Who became the first black American cabinet officer?
Robert Weaver
117
Who was the first black associate justice of the Supreme Court?
Thurgood Marshall
118
What important civil rights leader was assassinated in 1968?
Martin Luther King, Jr.
119
What resolution of Congress passed in August 1964 provided legal justification for U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War?
The GUlf of Tonkin Resolution
120
When were the first U.S. combat troops sent to South Vietnam?
1965
121
Who commanded the U.S. troops in South Vietnam?
General William C. Westmoreland
122
What's the name for the series of devastating battles begun by the Communists in Vietnam?
the Tet Offensive
123
What were Americans who supported the fight against Communism called?
"hawks"
124
What were Americans who were soft toward Communism called?
"doves"
125
What war erupted in the Middle East when Egypt, Jordan, and Syria attacked Israel in June 1967?
Six-Day War
126
What is a two-man space project called?
Gemini
127
What is a three-man space project called?
Apollo
128
Who were the Apollo 11 astronauts who traveled to the moon in the largest, heaviest spacecraft launched to that date?
Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., and Michael Collins
129
Who became the first basketball player ever to score 100 points during a single professional game?
Wilt Chamberlain
130
Name some of the leading baseball players of the 1960s.
Roger Maris, Mickey Mantle, Hank Aaron, and Willie Mays
131
What counterculture movement attempted to erode the values of traditional American culture?
the "hippie" lifestyle
132
Who assassinated Robert F. Kennedy (JFK's brother)?
Sirhan Biashara Sirhan
133
Who won the election of 1968?
Richard M. Nixon
134
Whose administration concentrated on bringing peace to Vietnam?
the Nixon Administration
135
Name two college campuses where violent anti-war demonstrations were held.
Kent State University and Jackson State College
136
What amendment lowered the voting age to 18?
the 26th Amendment
137
Who ran against Nixon and lost in the 1972 election?
Goerge McGovern
138
When were the last U.S. troops withdrawn from Vietnam?
1973
139
What was the longest war the US was ever involved in and America's first no-win war?
Vietnam
140
Who was the spokesman for detente during Nixon's Administration?
Henry Kissinger
141
What was the agreement between the US and the Soviet Union in which the US and Soviet Union agreed to limit the production of nuclear arms?
SALT 1
142
In what year did President Nixon visit Communist China?
1972
143
In what war in 1973 was Israel attacked by Syria, Egypt, and Jordan?
Yom Kippur War
144
What made oil scare, resulting in long lines at gas stations?
the Arab Oil Embargo
145
What was the monopoly designed to control the supply and price of Middle Eastern oil?
OPEC
146
What building project did Congress initiate to lessen American dependence on Middle East oil?
Alaska Pipeline
147
What was the root cause of inflation during Nixon's administration?
the loose money policies of the Federal Reserve
148
What Supreme Court decision in 1972 caused an increase in crime across the nation?
ruling against capital punishment
149
Who are people that believe the Constitution should be interpreted as the Founding Fathers intended known as?
strict constructionists
150
What 1973 Supreme Court decision ruled in favor of abortion?
Roe vs. Wade
151
What VP resigned from office after admitting to taking bribes and evading his income tax?
Spiro Agnew
152
In what year did the Watergate affair occur?
1974
153
What political scandal let to President Nixon's resignation in 1974?
Watergate affair
154
Who became President after Nixon's resignation?
Gerald R. Ford
155
What was one of the programs expanded by Congress during Ford's administration?
the Food Stamp Program
156
In what year did President Ford officially announce the end of American involvement in Vietnam and order the evacuation of US civilians and embassy personnel?
1975
157
What was the capital of South Vietnam?
Saigon
158
In what year did South Vietnam fall to the Communists?
1975
159
What two other countries fell to Communism after Vietnam?
Cambodia and Laos
160
Who won the Presidential election of 1976?
James (Jimmy) Carter
161
On what concept did Carter build his policy?
human rights
162
What area did President Carter negotiate to surrender in 1977?
the Panama Canal Zone
163
Carter's policy of appeasement and reluctance to contain Communism with force no doubt encouraged the Soviet invasion of what country in 1979?
Afghanistan
164
What disarmament agreement was signed by President Carter and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev, the signing of which was followed by the Communist invasion of Afghanistan?
SALT II
165
What treaty promised peace between Egypt and Israel and what three leaders signed it?
Camp David Peace Accord; President Carter, Begin, and Sadat
166
In what country were 63 Americans taken hostage in 1979?
Iran
167
What Muslim religious leader led the capture of the American embassy in Tehran in 1979 after a revolution deposed the anti-Communist Shah of Iran?
Ayatollah Khomeini
168
What new Cabinet position was created during the Carter administration?
the secretary of energy
169
Where did a nuclear power plant accident take place in 1979?
Three Mile Island
170
What was the highlight of the 1970s?
the Bicentennial Celebration of 1976
