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Anatomy & Physiology II > Chapters 23, 24, 25 > Flashcards

Chapters 23, 24, 25 Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

Antidiuretic hormone acts on the _____ to promote water retention.

A

collecting duct

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2
Q

Which term describes excessive urine output?

A

polyuria

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3
Q

The micturition reflex

A

is the predominant mechanism that voids the bladder in infants.

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4
Q

Loop diuretics reduce body water content by acting on

A

the countercurrent multiplier system.

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5
Q

Normal urine from a healthy person can be expected to contain all of the following except

A

glucose

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6
Q

Which muscle is located in the bladder?

A

detrusor

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7
Q

Which of the following is not an organ of the urinary system?

A

thoracic collecting duct

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8
Q

Which two substances are most useful for determining a patient’s glomerular filtration rate?

A

inulin and creatinine

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9
Q

Which of the following conditions may result from loss of proportional amounts of water and sodium?

A

volume depletion

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10
Q

This hormone, produced by the hypothalamus, will stimulate the collecting ducts and the distal convoluted tubules to retain more water.

A

ADH

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11
Q

Dehydration will most likely cause plasma to become ________________.

A

hypertonic

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12
Q

_____ is the most significant solute in determining the distribution of water among fluid compartments.

A

Na+

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13
Q

Blood plasma osmolarity is higher than intracellular fluid osmolarity.

A

False

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14
Q

Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic neurons called

A

osmoreceptors

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15
Q

Hemorrhages

A

decrease body water but do not significantly affect osmolarity.

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16
Q

This condition can cause hypokalemia.

A

aldosterone hypersecretion

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17
Q

_______ causes muscular weakness, depressed reflexes, and cardiac arrhythmia.

A

Hypercalcemia

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18
Q

Which of the following neutralizes more acid or base than the others?

A

kidneys

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19
Q

This condition may be caused by hyperventilation.

A

respiratory alkalosis

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20
Q

___ represents the complete chemical reaction for the bicarbonate buffer system.

A

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 HCO3- + H+

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21
Q

A weak base

A

binds little H+ and has a weak effect on pH.

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22
Q

Calcium concentration is regulated by

A

hormones.

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23
Q

Chloride homeostasis is achieved mainly as a result of ___ homeostasis.

A

Na+

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24
Q

Chronic vomiting can lead to

A

metabolic alkalosis

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25
The bicarbonate buffer system would not work very well in the human body if not for the action of the respiratory system, which
expels CO2 produced by the buffer system.
26
The major chemical buffers systems of the body are the ___ systems.
bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein
27
The pH of the intracellular fluid is buffered mainly by
proteins
28
These scenarios are related with hyperkalemia except
resting membrane potential is more negative.
29
This is the greatest determinant of intracellular volume.
K+
30
Tissue fluid normally has a pH of
7.35-7.45
31
Which of the following is not considered an accessory organ of the digestive system?
stomach
32
_______ causes muscular weakness, depressed reflexes, and cardiac arrhythmia.
Hypercalcemia
33
Which of the following neutralizes more acid or base than the others?
kidneys
34
This condition may be caused by hyperventilation.
respiratory alkalosis
35
___ represents the complete chemical reaction for the bicarbonate buffer system.
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 HCO3- + H+
36
A weak base
binds little H+ and has a weak effect on pH.
37
Calcium concentration is regulated by
hormones.
38
Chloride homeostasis is achieved mainly as a result of ___ homeostasis.
Na+
39
Chronic vomiting can lead to
metabolic alkalosis
40
The bicarbonate buffer system would not work very well in the human body if not for the action of the respiratory system, which
expels CO2 produced by the buffer system.
41
The major chemical buffers systems of the body are the ___ systems.
bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein
42
The pH of the intracellular fluid is buffered mainly by
proteins
43
These scenarios are related with hyperkalemia except
resting membrane potential is more negative.
44
This is the greatest determinant of intracellular volume.
K+
45
Tissue fluid normally has a pH of
7.35-7.45
46
Which of the following is not considered an accessory organ of the digestive system?
stomach
47
During the gastric phase ingested food stimulates
All of the above
48
This hormone stimulates pepsinogen and HCl production.
gastrin
49
The arrival of chyme containing a mixture of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins into the duodenum over a period of time would cause
an increase in secretin release from the duodenum.
50
All of the following are functions of cholecystokinin (CCK) except it
increases gastric HCl production.
51
These glands produce bicarbonate-rich mucus, which neutralizes stomach acid.
duodenal glands
52
Chemical digestion of proteins begins in the ________________.
stomach
53
Pancreatic enzymes are secreted in response to the hormone
cholecystokinin (CCK).
54
The _______________ synthesizes bile acids by metabolizing ____________________.
liver; cholesterol
55
The small intestine has a very large absorptive surface associated with all these structures except
rugae
56
Which of these is not a component of the pancreatic juice?
enterokinase
57
Which of these is the site of contact digestion?
brush border of the small intestine
58
Which of these nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine?
triglycerides
59
Why are several digestive enzymes secreted as zymogens?
so they act only in the stomach lumen and do not digest intracellular proteins
60
The arrival of chyme containing a mixture of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins into the duodenum over a period of time would cause
an increase in secretin release from the duodenum.
61
Which of the following is not an enzyme that digests proteins in the small intestine?
maltase
62
This gastric secretion breaks proteins down into smaller peptide chains.
pepsin
63
This brush border enzyme will complete polypeptide digestion.
aminopeptidase
64
Which of the following does not occur within the large intestine?
digestion of cellulose by intestinal digestive enzymes
65
____________ is the physiological process that moves a nutrient from the outside to the inside of the body.
Absorption
66
____________ transport lipids to the surface of the intestinal absorptive cells, which process them into _________________.
Micelles;chylomicrons
67
_____________ break(s) down _______________.
Peptidases;proteins
68
Bacterial flora carry out all of the following except
digest most of the proteins we get in the diet.
69
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the ______________, whereas protein digestion begins in the ______________.
Mouth; stomach
70
Defecation is stimulated by
stretching of the rectum
71
Lecithin prepares fats for hydrolysis by forming
emulsification droplets
72
Of the following components of bile, only _____________ has/have a digestive function.
bile salts
73
Proteins are digested by different enzymes acting in the following sequence
pepsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase, dipeptidase.
74
The enterogastric reflex serves to
inhibit gastric motility when there is chyme in the small intestine.
75
The sodium-glucose transport protein (SGLP)
transports glucose and sodium from the intestinal lumen into the epithelial cells.
76
These nutrients are all absorbed without being digested except
proteins
77
Which of these nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine?
triglycerides

Anatomy & Physiology II (4 decks)

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