Chapters 4 and 5

Question 1

Element Symbols

Answer 1

A set of abbreviations for the chemical elements. They normally consist of the first two letters of the element’s name

Question 2

Law of Constant Composition

Answer 2

A given compound always has the same composition and same proportions of the various elements it contains

Question 3

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Answer 3

The theory that all atoms of a given element are identical, the atoms of one element are completely unique from atoms of other elements, atoms of an element can combine with atoms of other elements to form compounds, and atoms are indivisible in chemical reactions

Question 4

Compound

Answer 4

A distinct substance that is composed of the atoms of two or more elements and is always has the exact same relative masses of those elements

Question 5

Chemical Formula

Answer 5

A formula in which the type and number of each atom in given compound are expressed

Question 6

Electrons

Answer 6

Tiny negatively charged particles included in all types of atoms

Question 7

Nuclear Atom

Answer 7

An atom with a dense center of positive charge

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

The dense center of an atom around which electrons move around in a space that is otherwise empty, which must be positively charged

Question 9

Protons

Answer 9

Tiny electron-like particles except positively charged and slightly heavier

Question 10

Isotope

Answer 10

An atom of an element with the same number of electrons/protons but different numbers of neutrons, therefore a different atomic mass

Question 11

Atomic Number

Answer 11

The number of protons in a nucleus

Question 12

Mass Number

Answer 12

The sum of the number of neutrons and protons in a given nucleus

Question 13

Periodic Table

Answer 13

A chart that displays information about all known elements

Question 14

Groups

Answer 14

Families of elements with similar chemical properties that lie in the same vertical column

Question 15

Group 1

Answer 15

Alkali Metals

Question 16

Group 2

Answer 16

Alkaline Earth Metals

Question 17

Group 7

Answer 17

Halogens

Question 18

Group 8

Answer 18

Noble Gases

Question 19

Transition Metals

Answer 19

A large collection of metallic elements that span many vertical columns

Question 20

Metals

Answer 20

Elements that can efficiently conduct electricity, are malleable, ductile, are lustrous in appearance and are to the left of the stair step

Question 21

Non-metals

Answer 21

The elements to the right of the stair step that lack the properties of metals

Question 22

Metalloids

Answer 22

Metals near the stair step that have a mixture of metallic and non-metallic properties

Question 23

Diatomic Molecules

Answer 23

Molecules that always appear in groups of two when alone (BrINClHOF, Bromine, Iodine, Nitrogen, Chlorine, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Fluorine)

Question 24

Ion

Answer 24

A charged particle that is produced by taking a neutral atom and adding or removing one or more of its electrons

Question 25

Cation

Answer 25

A positively charged ion produced when a neutrally charged atom loses one or more of its electrons

Question 26

Anion

Answer 26

A negatively charged ion formed when a neutral charged atom gains one or more electrons

Question 27

Ionic Compounds

Answer 27

Compounds which contain ions

Question 28

Binary Compounds

Answer 28

Compounds composed of two elements

Question 29

Binary Ionic Compounds

Answer 29

The compound formed when a metal combines with a nonmetal and the metal loses one or more electrons to become a cation and the nonmetal gains one or more electron to become an anion

Question 30

Polyatomic Ions

Answer 30

Charged entities composed of several atoms bound together

Question 31

Oxyanions

Answer 31

Polyatomic anions that contain an atom of a given element and different numbers of oxygen atoms