Chapters 7-8 Flashcards
1
Q
.
. The body will signal thirst before dehydration occurs to prevent problems with fluid loss.
a. True
b. False
.
A
FALSE
2
Q
Low salt intakes have been linked with lower rates of stomach cancer.
a. True
b. False
A
TRUE
3
Q
. A deficiency of sodium is not harmful.
a. True
b. False
A
FALSE
4
Q
The B vitamins work together with enzymes in the metabolism of energy nutrients and in the making of new cells.
a. True
b. False
A
TRUE
5
Q
- The main source of iodine in the U.S. is plants grown in the middle part of the country.
a. True
b. False
A
FALSE
6
Q
Whether a person develops osteoporosis seems to depend partly on heredity and partly on the environment, including nutrition.
a. True
b. False
A
TRUE
7
Q
The primary role of fluoride is to prevent dental caries throughout life.
a. True
b. False
A
TRUE
8
Q
- Some minerals act as buffers to help maintain body fluids at the correct pH to permit life’s processes.
a. True
b. False
A
TRUE
9
Q
. Soft water contains sodium, which may aggravate hypertension.
a. True
b. False
A
TRUE
10
Q
- Vitamin D deficiency in children can cause bowed legs, an abnormality seen in the disease rickets.
a. True
b. False
A
TRUE
11
Q
Which individuals should avoid vitamin C supplements because of above-normal risk of negative effects?
a. smokers with low produce intakes
b. people with too much cholesterol in their blood
c. people with colds
d. people with kidney disorders
e. people with burn injuries
A
d. people with kidney disorders
12
Q
Water-soluble vitamins:
a. are stored in body tissues to a large extent.
b. often result in toxicities among infants and children.
c. are not damaged by high temperatures or oxygen exposure.
d. dissolve in body fluids but not in cooking water.
e. are easily excreted in the urine.
A
e. are easily excreted in the urine.
13
Q
. Research suggests that deficiency of vitamin D may lead to:
a. low blood pressure.
b. cardiovascular disease.
c. gallbladder disease.
d. kidney stones.
e. blood disorders.
A
b. cardiovascular disease.
14
Q
- Water excretion is regulated by the brain and the:
a. bloodstream.
b. kidneys.
c. stomach.
d. salivary glands.
e. pituitary gland.
A
e. pituitary gland.
15
Q
The main reason for fortifying enriched grain products with folic acid is to:
a. reduce the incidence of birth defects called neural tube defects.
b. help lower serum folate concentrations during pregnancy.
c. make up for the lack of prenatal care.
d. prevent mental retardation from developing late in the pregnancy.
e. prevent cardiovascular disease.
A
a. reduce the incidence of birth defects called neural tube defects.
16
Q
A young woman wanting to build maximum bone density should do all of the following except:
a. reduce her intake of protein.
b. reduce her sodium intake.
c. limit her intake of regular cola drinks.
d. participate in regular weight-bearing exercise.
A
a. reduce her intake of protein.
17
Q
. Important roles of vitamin D include all of the following except:
a. cell growth and specialization.
b. influence over hair follicles.
c. influence over reproductive system cells.
d. health of the retina in the eye.
e. bone health.
A
d. health of the retina in the eye.
18
Q
. Sulfate is adequate in a diet that contains sufficient:
a. fat.
b. protein.
c. carbohydrate.
d. vitamins.
e. calcium.
A
b. protein.
19
Q
By definition, a vitamin is all of the following except:
a. an organic compound.
b. indispensable to body function.
c. needed in minute amounts.
d. an energy-yielding nutrient.
e. required to prevent deficiency diseases.
A
d. an energy-yielding nutrient.
20
Q
- Which of the following impairs iron absorption?
a. heme
b. MFP factor
c. vitamin C
d. phytates
e. sodium
A
d. phytates
21
Q
Which food has the lowest percentage of water?
a. Chinese cabbage
b. fresh apple
c. ready-to-eat cereals
d. lean steak
e. margarine
A
c. ready-to-eat cereals 1-4%
22
Q
- Which agency is responsible for ensuring that public water systems meet minimum standards for protection of public health?
a. Food and Drug Administration
b. Environmental Protection Agency
c. Food Safety and Inspection Service
d. World Health Organization
e. Water Protection Agency
A
b. Environmental Protection Agency
23
Q
- Because this cereal has been made using whole-grain wheat:
a. it has not been fortified with thiamin, riboflavin, or niacin.
b. 100% of its B vitamins will be absorbed into the body.
c. it will require less fortification than a refined wheat cereal to reach 100% of the DV.
d. absorption of its B vitamins will be blocked because of the fiber content.
e. it also contains all the fat-soluble vitamins because it includes the germ layer.
A
c. it will require less fortification than a refined wheat cereal to reach 100% of the DV.
24
Q
- When a child has a virus that has caused vomiting and diarrhea over several days’ time, it is critical for her to receive medical care because:
a. her fever will cause her to retain too much extra fluid.
b. she may need help in replacing extreme fluid losses.
c. in the cells, sodium concentration increases, leading to danger of swelling.
d. her kidneys will pump extra fluids into the bloodstream.
e. the illness may have been caused by contaminated drinking water.
A
b. she may need help in replacing extreme fluid losses.
25
Which statement about selenium levels in the body is accurate?
a. Men with high blood levels of selenium from taking supplements have decreased cancer risk.
b. Many healthy, well-fed people have a hidden selenium deficiency.
c. There is no danger of toxicity when taking selenium supplements.
d. It is difficult to obtain enough selenium from foods in the diet.
e. Selenium works with a group of enzymes to protect body compounds from oxidative damage.
e. Selenium works with a group of enzymes to protect body compounds from oxidative damage.
26
26. What is one symptom of a beta-carotene toxicity?
a. bright yellow skin
b. night blindness
c. rough, dry skin
d. hardening of the macula in the eye
e. xerophthalmia
a. bright yellow skin
27
27. The best way to select foods that are vitamin rich is to:
a. read the food labels on processed foods to see the listed vitamins.
b. memorize the recommended values of the vitamins to be eaten daily.
c. select a wide variety of whole foods to get a balance of vitamins.
d. make sure that each food selected is the richest source of a particular vitamin you need.
e. eat a calorie-dense diet.
c. select a wide variety of whole foods to get a balance of vitamins.
28
28. The recommended intake for vitamin D is _____ micrograms per day for adults over 70.
a. 5
b. 10
c. 20
d. 100
e. 500
c. 20
29
29. Which B vitamin is especially important for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects?
a. vitamin B6
b. biotin
c. folate
d. vitamin B12
e. thiamin
c. folate
30
30. Vitamin E serves as:
a. a precursor.
b. a vitamin antagonist.
c. an antioxidant.
d. an antivitamin.
e. a provitamin.
c. an antioxidant
31
31. The lacy crystals of the ____ bone are tapped to raise blood calcium when the supply from the day’s diet runs short.
a. nerve tissue
b. red blood cells
c. trabecular bone
d. cortical bone
e. kidney tissue
c. trabecular bone
32
32. You would tell a person who did not meet his recommended intakes for the fat-soluble vitamins on one day to:
a. increase his consumption of foods rich in fat-soluble vitamins.
b. supplement his diet with a vitamin-mineral supplement.
c. not be concerned as long as his diet as a whole provides average amounts that approximate the recommended intakes.
d. try to consume more fats and oils to get the needed nutrients.
e. get exposure to sunlight to increase endogenous production of fat-soluble vitamins.
c. not be concerned as long as his diet as a whole provides average amounts that approximate the recommended intakes.
33
The USP symbol on the label of a vitamin supplement means that:
a. it has been tested for safety.
b. it has been tested for effectiveness.
c. it has been scientifically proven to prevent chronic disease.
d. it provides 100% of the Daily Value for most vitamins and minerals.
e. it contains the ingredients listed on the label.
e. it contains the ingredients listed on the label.
34
34. Which of the following makes up about 60 percent of the body’s weight?
a. major minerals
b. protein
c. water
d. trace minerals
e. gastrointestinal tract
c. water
35
35. A woman who has been following a vegan diet and now has become pregnant most likely needs _____ supplements.
a. vitamin C and vitamin A
b. vitamin D and vitamin B12
c. vitamin E and vitamin K
d. vitamin D and niacin
e. folate and vitamin K
b. vitamin D and vitamin B12
36
36. Copper is an essential nutrient because of its role in:
a. forming hemoglobin and collagen.
b. increasing free radical activity.
c. regulating zinc absorption.
d. regulating blood glucose.
e. regulating absorption of chromium.
a. forming hemoglobin and collagen.
37
37. Which individual is LEAST likely to acquire a vitamin E deficiency?
a. someone who eats a diet high in fat
b. someone who is born prematurely
c. someone who consumes a very low-fat diet composed largely of convenience foods
d. someone with severe liver disease
e. someone whose pancreas is failing to produce digestive enzymes
a. someone who eats a diet high in fat
38
38. The best source of phosphorus is:
a. animal protein.
b. fruit.
c. vegetable protein.
d. grain products.
e. fats and oils.
a. animal protein.
39
39. What is NOT a characteristic of water-soluble vitamins?
a. They seldom reach toxic levels.
b. They are easily absorbed and excreted.
c. They dissolve in water.
d. They are stored extensively in tissues.
e. Some are destroyed on exposure to light, heat, or oxygen during processing.
d. They are stored extensively in tissues.
40
40. What is the best beverage choice?
a. sports drinks because they replace important minerals missing from the diet
b. hard water because it has a high concentration of calcium and magnesium
c. soft water because it replaces sodium that is lost from the body
d. fruit juices because they naturally contain vitamins and minerals
e. bottled water because it is guaranteed to be safe
b. hard water because it has a high concentration of calcium and magnesium
41
41. What is NOT one of the functions of vitamin C?
a. to protect and recycle vitamin E to its active form
b. to produce and maintain collagen
c. to promote the absorption of iron
d. to maintain the functions of the reproductive organs
e. to help form scar tissue that heals wounds
d. to maintain the functions of the reproductive organs
42
42. Which of the following helps prevent changes in the acid-base balance of body fluids?
a. iron and zinc
b. vitamins
c. excess hydrogen ions
d. proteins and some minerals
e. pH fluctuations
d. proteins and some minerals
43
43. Pellagra is a _____ deficiency disease.
a. vitamin C
b. niacin
c. thiamin
d. vitamin B12
b. niacin
44
44. The strongest genetic influence on the development of osteoporosis is:
a. the maximum bone mass that can be attained during growth.
b. its influence over the absorption rate of vitamin A.
c. its influence over the amount of bone lost in early adulthood.
d. its effect on estrogen production in young women.
e. its influence over absorbing and employing vitamin D.
a. the maximum bone mass that can be attained during growth.
45
45. What is the most accurate statement about the body’s water balance?
a. The reference man and woman both need8 cups of fluid from beverages daily.
b. All water must come from beverages because foods don’t contain enough to contribute to intake.
c. Fluid needs for an individual person are the same every day.
d. Water intoxication can occur witheven a few too many cups of water.
e. Metabolic water is generated in the tissues as a product of chemical reactions.
e. Metabolic water is generated in the tissues as a product of chemical reactions.
46
46. You are working with a child in a health clinic who has growth retardation, impaired immunity, and a poor appetite. This child is most likely experiencing ____ deficiency.
a. iron
b. chromium
c. zinc
d. magnesium
e. sodium
a. iron
47
47. What effect does zinc deficiency have on the body?
a. a minor effect because zinc has only a limited role in the body
b. impairs the immune response, leading to increased infections
c. increases metabolism and increases appetite, leading to weight gain
d. reduces iron absorption because iron needs zinc for transport
e. increases hair growth and red blood cell breakdown
b. impairs the immune response, leading to increased infections
48
48. What is the most abundant mineral in the body?
a. calcium
b. phosphorus
c. sodium
d. iron
e. potassium
a. calcium
49
49. People whose diets are rich in vegetables and fruits have low rates of:
a. cancer.
b. lung disease.
c. rickets.
d. osteoporosis.
e. toxicity.
a. cancer
50
50. Which statement is true about groundwater as a drinking water supply?
a. It comes from deep, protected underground aquifers.
b. It is protected from new contaminants.
c. Contaminants break down very quickly underground.
d. Fast movement and aeration help keep it clean.
e. It flows from lakes, rivers, and reservoirs.
a. It comes from deep, protected underground aquifers.
51
51. What does the Nutrition Facts label tell you about the vitamin C content of this cereal?
a. The main source of vitamin C is the whole-grain wheat in the cereal.
b. Vitamin C has been added to the cereal because whole grains are low in vitamin C.
c. A natural form of vitamin C has been added to the cereal.
d. The source of vitamin C is the added milk.
e. The source of vitamin C is ascorbic acid, which was added to improve taste.
a. The main source of vitamin C is the whole-grain wheat in the cereal.
52
52. You advise your grandmother against using mineral oil as a laxative because:
a. it cannot be absorbed by the body.
b. it may result in loss of the fat-soluble vitamins through excretion.
c. it may lead to toxic levels of the fat-soluble vitamins.
d. it is not an effective laxative.
e. it interferes with the digestion and absorption of water-soluble vitamins.
b. it may result in loss of the fat-soluble vitamins through excretion.
53
53. Adults in the United States consume an average of _____ milligrams per day of sodium.
a. 500
b. 1200
c. 2400
d. 3400
e. 6000
d. 3400
54
54. Population studies suggest that people whose diets lack foods rich in beta-carotene have a higher incidence of:
a. rickets.
b. macular degeneration.
c. anemia.
d. osteomalacia.
e. night blindness.
b. macular degeneration.
55
55. If a person has a deficient dietary intake of calcium, what will be the result?
a. a reduced rate of calcium absorption
b. no change in levels of calcium in the blood because calcium will be pulled from the bones
c. a gain of body weight
d. lowered levels of calcium in the blood because of the deficiency
e. increased calcium excretion in the urine
b. no change in levels of calcium in the blood because calcium will be pulled from the bones
56
All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except:
a. A.
b. D.
c. C.
d. K.
e. E.
c. C.
57
. Chromium works closely with:
a. insulin.
b. collagen.
c. hemoglobin.
d. enzymes.
e. iron.
a. insulin.
58
The thiamin deficiency disease is known as:
a. pellagra.
b. osteomalacia.
c. scurvy.
d. beriberi.
e. anemia.
d. beriberi.
59
59. When you eat pizza, the body will respond to the sodium you ingest by:
a. controlling water movement tightly to prevent any fluctuations in body weight.
b. turning off the thirst signal to reduce additional intake of fluids.
c. signaling the kidneys to immediately begin removing fluid from the body.
d. shifting water back into the bloodstream to reduce the sodium concentration.
e. first signaling immediate thirst to offset the sodium intake.
d. shifting water back into the bloodstream to reduce the sodium concentration.
60
60. What statement is true regarding water chlorination?
a. It has no effect on many harmful microorganisms found in water.
b. It has been documented to cause cancer in people who drink it regularly.
c. Alternative treatment systems for water are much less expensive and faster to use than chlorination.
d. Deaths from organisms in non-chlorinated water are common in some parts of the world.
e. It does not easily kill disease-causing organisms in water.
d. Deaths from organisms in non-chlorinated water are common in some parts of the world
61
61. A non-food source of vitamin K is:
a. sunlight.
b. intestinal bacteria.
c. antibiotics.
d. tap water.
e. dental implants.
b. intestinal bacteria.
62
62. A zinc toxicity reduces ____.
a. iron absorption
b. LDL cholesterol
c. insulin response
d. bone density
e. chromium absorption
a. iron absorption
63
63. Do high intakes of iron from foods pose a danger to healthy people?
a. Yes, if they include large amounts of fortified grains and cereals.
b. No, because the body adjusts the amount of iron absorbed.
c. Yes, because of high intakes of vitamin C supplements among many people.
d. No, because non-heme iron blocks the absorption of heme iron.
e. Yes, because iron toxicity is a relatively common occurrence.
b. No, because the body adjusts the amount of iron absorbed.
64
64. The best natural sources of folate include:
a. cereals.
b. raw spinach.
c. cooked strawberries.
d. milk.
e. eggs.
b. raw spinach.
65
65. Research regarding the benefits or risks of taking vitamin supplements to reduce risk of chronic diseases has shown that:
a. vitamin C supplements are associated with reduced chronic disease risk.
b. people who take vitamin E supplements have lower rates of heart disease.
c. beta-carotene supplement use increases lung cancer risk in smokers.
d. all supplements sold in this country are safe.
e. supplements can fix nutrient deficiencies so a diet that lacks many nutrients is not dangerous.
c. beta-carotene supplement use increases lung cancer risk in smokers.
66
66. A person is consuming 1000 mg a day of sodium preservatives in processed foods along with 2000 milligrams of added salt from the salt shaker on his foods. Does this sodium intake fall within the guidelines established by the DRI committee?
a. No, 3000 total milligrams of sodium exceeds the UL.
b. Yes, 3000 total milligrams of sodium is within the UL.
c. No, 1800 total milligrams of sodium exceeds the UL.
d. Yes, 1800 total milligrams of sodium is within the UL.
e. Yes, 1800 milligrams of sodium is the recommended intake for adequacy.
b. Yes, 3000 total milligrams of sodium is within the UL.
67
67. Which food provides the highest amount of zinc?
a. legumes
b. whole-grain bread
c. shellfish
d. spinach
e. oranges
c. shellfish
68
68. What can you determine from the Nutrition Facts label about the vitamin D content of this cereal?
a. This cereal is an excellent natural source of vitamin D.
b. You should limit the intake of this cereal to avoid vitamin D toxicity.
c. Combined with milk, this cereal is an excellent source of vitamin D.
d. Supplemental forms of vitamin D are not readily absorbed into the body.
e. Vitamin D is not added to cereals because it increases the risk of toxicity.
c. Combined with milk, this cereal is an excellent source of vitamin D.
69
Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include:
a. frequent urination.
b. facial tics.
c. joint pain.
d. night blindness.
e. hemorrhaging of small blood vessels.
d. night blindness.
70
70. The principal food source of chloride is:
a. salt.
b. animal products.
c. plants.
d. grains.
e. dairy products.
a. salt.
71
71. Which characteristic or function of water allows it to act as a lubricant?
a. ability to dissolve substances
b. incompressibility
c. heat-holding capacity
d. chemical reactivity
e. ability to bond with other substances
b. incompressibility
72
72. Magnesium is an important mineral that works with calcium in the body to:
a. increase bone density.
b. maintain acid-base balance in the cells.
c. control blood glucose levels.
d. help muscles contract and relax.
e. transport proteins in the bloodstream.
d. help muscles contract and relax.
73
73. A person’s absorption of calcium varies based on:
a. vitamin A status.
b. protein intakes.
c. gender.
d. age or life stage.
e. body composition.
d. age or life stage.
74
74. Which is the most accurate statement about beverage consumption practices in the U.S.?
a. The average calorie intake from beverages among U.S. adults over 20 years old increases with age.
b. Vegetable juices are a concern because their intake adds a significant amount of discretionary calories.
c. The mild diuretic effect of a moderate intake of caffeinated beverages does not prevent people from meeting fluid needs.
d. Artificially sweetened carbonated beverages do not crowd more nutritious foods out of the diet.
c. The mild diuretic effect of a moderate intake of caffeinated beverages does not prevent people from meeting fluid needs.
75
75. Which food is NOT a good food source of vitamin C?
a. citrus fruits
b. strawberries
c. milk
d. broccoli
e. green peppers
c. milk
76
76. This cereal product has a claim on the package front that it provides 100% of nine vitamins. What would be a result of eating this cereal every morning?
a. This would guarantee that you would not have any deficiencies of those vitamins.
b. The cereal would be a good source for those vitamins.
c. This could lead to a toxicity from excessive intakes of vitamins.
d. This could result in your body developing an increased need for these vitamins.
e. This could cause excessive excretion of other water-soluble nutrients in addition to the vitamins.
b. The cereal would be a good source for those vitamins.
77
77. Your best friend complains that she is tired all of the time and has a problem concentrating. In addition, she likes to chew ice. Which of the following is your friend likely to have?
a. potassium deficiency
b. zinc deficiency
c. magnesium deficiency
d. iron deficiency
e. sodium deficiency
d. iron deficiency
78
78. The first sign of dehydration is:
a. headache.
b. confusion.
c. thirst.
d. fatigue.
e. stomachache.
c. thirst.
79
79. The best way to obtain the calcium you need is to:
a. consume more spinach, rhubarb, and Swiss chard.
b. eat more cottage cheese and frozen yogurt.
c. consume more milk, cheese, and yogurt.
d. consume more cream cheese, butter, and cream.
e. take a calcium supplement.
c. consume more milk, cheese, and yogurt.
80
80. Which element stabilizes bones and makes teeth resistant to decay?
a. chromium
b. chloride
c. fluoride
d. zinc
e. selenium
c. fluoride
81
81. Phosphorus is critical to the acid-base balance in cells because of its role in:
a. creating buffers to maintain the correct pH.
b. creating phospholipids to carry fats through the blood.
c. binding with calcium in muscle tissues.
d. transporting sodium from the cells.
e. synthesizing amino acids.
a. creating buffers to maintain the correct pH
82
82. The vitamin D deficiency disease that develops in adults is known as:
a. osteomalacia.
b. pellagra.
c. rickets.
d. macular degeneration.
e. scurvy.
a. osteomalacia.
83
You recommend that your friend not take “Stress Formula Vitamin C” supplements because:
a. vitamin C is not involved in the release of the stress hormones from the adrenal gland.
b. “Stress Formula” supplements are more expensive than other types of vitamin C supplements.
c. you cannot be sure if the form of vitamin C in the supplements is effective and safe.
d. the amount of vitamin C required by the body to recover from stress is easily obtained from whole fruits and vegetables.
e. vitamin C toxicity is a serious concern, especially from supplements.
a. vitamin C is not involved in the release of the stress hormones from the adrenal gland.
84
84. Which statement regarding vitamin C is true?
a. A lack of the vitamin results in beriberi.
b. It inhibits iron absorption.
c. It prevents the common cold.
d. It helps to produce carnitine.
e. An excess of the vitamin can result in gallstones.
d. It helps to produce carnitine.
85
85. Calcium in the body’s fluids performs all of the following major roles except:
a. regulating the transport of ions across cell membranes.
b. helping maintain normal blood glucose.
c. participating in blood clotting.
d. facilitating muscle contraction.
e. activating cellular enzymes.
b. helping maintain normal blood glucose.
86
86. Which of the following statements is true?
a. People develop their peak bone mass during the first four decades of life.
b. The skeleton no longer adds to bone density after 20 years of age.
c. The bones begin to lose density after 40 years of age regardless of calcium intake.
d. People do not need calcium throughout life.
e. Low blood calcium is sensed by the brain and converted to a signal that increases intake of dairy foods.
c. The bones begin to lose density after 40 years of age regardless of calcium intake.
87
87. Over half of the body’s magnesium is stored in the:
a. teeth.
b. liver.
c. bones.
d. blood.
e. skin cells.
c. bones
88
88. For women and men in the 19- to 50-year-old range, the calcium DRI is _____ milligrams.
a. 600
b. 800
c. 1000
d. 1200
e. 2500
c. 1000
89
89. What can you determine from the Nutrition Facts label about the vitamin A content of this cereal?
a. The vitamin A will be poorly absorbed because it is the precursor form.
b. This is an excellent source of vitamin A because of the large amount that is added.
c. Pregnant women should avoid this cereal because the vitamin A content is too low.
d. Milk added to the cereal contributes a moderate amount of vitamin A in addition to what is in the cereal.
e. Vitamin A has been added as an antioxidant preservative.
d. Milk added to the cereal contributes a moderate amount of vitamin A in addition to what is in the cereal.
90
90. A friend informs you that she is planning to purchase a water softener. Which statement is most appropriate for you to make to your friend?
a. Hard water makes more bubbles with less soap than soft water and is more desirable.
b. Soft water leaves a ring in the tub and a gray residue in the wash, which are undesirable.
c. Soft water appears to aggravate hypertension, which is undesirable.
d. Soft water has higher concentrations of calcium and magnesium than hard water, which is desirable.
e. There is no difference in mineral content of soft and hard waters.
c. Soft water appears to aggravate hypertension, which is undesirable.
91
91. What is the principal positively charged ion inside body cells?
a. calcium
b. sodium
c. magnesium
d. potassium
e. chloride
b. sodium
92
92. When trying to consume adequate dietary iron, it is helpful to:
a. eat non-heme iron found only in plants because it is absorbed more efficiently.
b. consider adding supplements because they are better absorbed than iron in foods.
c. combine vitamin C-rich foods with non-heme iron sources to increase absorption.
d. avoid combining heme-iron foods with non-heme-iron foods in the same meal.
e. combine vitamin C-rich foods with heme iron sources to increase absorption.
c. combine vitamin C-rich foods with non-heme iron sources to increase absorption.
93
93. How much sodium is consumed by a person who eats two grams of salt?
a. 400 mg
b. 800 mg
c. 1000 mg
d. 1200 mg
e. 2000 mg
b. 800 mg
94
94. Which food provides the least amount of available zinc?
a. meats
b. poultry
c. legumes
d. shellfish
e. milk
c. legumes
95
95. Which group of food items will provide the best source of calcium in the diet?
a. milk, yogurt, and ice milk
b. kefir, butter, and cottage cheese
c. buttermilk, cream cheese, and almonds
d. cheese, cream, and broccoli
e. spinach, grains, and cheese
e. spinach, grains, and cheese
96
96. To obtain the maximum amount of vitamin C from vegetables, you would:
a. cut them into small pieces.
b. cook them for long periods of time.
c. wash them after cutting and peeling them rather than before.
d. drain the cooking water before adding them to mixed dishes.
e. consume them promptly after purchasing.
e. consume them promptly after purchasing.
97
97. The vitamin caplets in this product are time-released. What benefit does this provide?
a. no real benefit because nutrients are incorporated into the cells where they are needed whenever they arrive
b. reduced risk of an overdose or toxicity of individual vitamins
c. sustained, steady blood concentration of vitamins, which is more effective
d. better absorption from the stomach
e. a larger dose of the vitamin over a longer time
a. no real benefit because nutrients are incorporated into the cells where they are needed whenever they arrive
98
98. Vitamin toxicity is more of a concern with which type of vitamins?
a. fat-soluble vitamins because they are stored more readily in body tissues
b. water-soluble vitamins because they are readily absorbed and circulate in the blood
c. water-soluble vitamins because they are the main type found in vitamin supplements
d. fat-soluble vitamins because they are found in higher amounts in foods
e. Bvitamins because they are highly abundant in many types of foods
a. fat-soluble vitamins because they are stored more readily in body tissues
99
99. Fortified food sources of vitamin D available in the United States include
a. tuna.
b. eggs.
c. salmon.
d. sardines.
e. margarine.
e. margarine.
100
100. As people consume more polyunsaturated oil their need for vitamin _____ rises.
a. A
b. D
c. E
d. K
e. B6
c. E
