Chapters 7-9 (Exam 3) Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is electron domain (in relation to bonds and lone pairs of a VSEPR model)?
the number of bonds (weather single or double or triple) and the number of lone pairs.
Basically what value is used to find the positioning of the bonds and lone pairs in chem lab
Electron domain geometry vs Molecular geometry
Electron domain includes lone pairs, molecular geomotry ignores lone pairs as if they are there but invisible.
Electron geometry with 2,3,4,5,6 electron domains
linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, Octahedral
Electronegativity ____ as it goes to the right and _____ as you go down
increases, decreases
What is the angle in a bent molecular geomotry
109.5
Which direction do the arrows point in a structural formula
they point toward the higher electronegative atom
What determines if a molecule is polar/nonpolar
A molecule is nonpolar if the sum of all the forces acting on it equal zero, and it is polar if all there are uneven forces at play sex
Basically look at which direction the arrows are pointing, and if they are symetrical on a diagram, then it is nonpolar
What are intermolecular forces
Forces between neighboring molecules that hold them together, the powerful forces hold togerther solids, while when there are no apparent intermolecular forces, the substances are gasses
What is Dipole-dipole interactions
Attractive forces that act between POLAR molecules
diaper polar bear
What is hydrogen bonding?
When dipole-dipole interactions take place on atoms with Hydrogen, bonded with a highly electronegative atom.
What is an instantaneous diople? When does it happen most often?
one molecule that induces dipoles, and may cause other molecules to induce dipoles too, Happens most often in larger molecules
What happens when an electron enters an excited state, and how do you represent it
The electrons occupy a higher energy orbital, and it is represented by B*
How do you do hybridization
You take an electron in the s orbital and put it in the p orbital, then you hybridize each electron by renaming all those electrons sp ^n n being the highest electrons that were in the p shell, and so on for higher shells, s p^n d^n
How does each of the hybrid orbitals (sp, sp^3d^2, etc) relate to the geometry of the molecule
However many electrons total will equal the geometric shape
What does A Bn Ex mean
A Bn Ex
A: central atom B: terminal atom n: # terminal atom E: lone pair x: # lone pair
If there are multiple central atoms, then say the shape for each central atom.
Which diapole does the arrow point to
The more electrronegative one
What is a sigma bond
A covalent bond caused by orbitals overlapping
What is a pi bond
when leftover orbitals bond in a hybridized molecule
What are unpaired electrons called and paired electrons called
unpaired- paramagnetism
paired- diamagnetic
What is a molecular orbital
Orbitals that lie along the internuclear axis
Bond order formula
(# electrons in bonding molecular orbitals - # electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals) / 2
What is an H bond in intermolecular forces
When the hydrogen is difectly paired with the center atom
What is the default force in intermoleculoar forces
Dispersion forces
Rank the bonds in order from lowest to highest boiling and melting points, and solubility:
ionic, dipole, dispersion, hydrogen, covalent
Covalent bonds, Ionic bonds, Hydrogen bonds, Dipole-dipole attraction, dispersion forces.
