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Anatomy > Chapters 9,10,11 Quiz #4 > Flashcards

Chapters 9,10,11 Quiz #4 Flashcards

0
Q

Multiple layers of smooth muscle that contract progressively from the esophagus to the colon

A

Adventitia

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1
Q

The muscular layer of the wall of the alimentary canal

A

Adventitia

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2
Q

RUQ includes?

A

Liver, gallbladder, part of the large intestine, right kidney, and umbilicus

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3
Q

LUQ includes?

A

Stomach, spleen, pancreas, costal arch, part of the large intestine, and the left kidney

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4
Q

RLQ includes

A

Appendix, cecum, rectum, iliac crest, part of the large intestine, the right ovary, right ureter, and part of the uterus, urinary bladder

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5
Q

LLQ includes

A

Colon, inguinal ligament, small intestine, Part of the large intestine, left ovary, left ureter, part of the uterus and urinary bladder

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6
Q

Salivary glands include

A

Parotid gland, sublingual gland, and the submandibular gland

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7
Q

(Mastication is chewing food by teeth to break it down). During that process food is mixed with secretions from the?

A

Salivary glands

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8
Q

The expandable hollow tube through which partially digested food passes from the mouth to the stomach

A

Esophagus

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9
Q

Where is the esophagus located

A

In the mediastinum posterior to the trachea

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10
Q

A semiliquid mass formed in the stomach by churned food mixed with digestive juices? Located?

A

Chyme. Located in the stomach (LUQ below the diaphragm)

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11
Q

The primary enzyme in saliva

A

Salivary amylase

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12
Q

Thick folds of the stomach wall

A

Rugae

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13
Q

Cells in the gastric mucosa that produce hydrochloric acid

A

Parietal cells

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14
Q

An acid produced by parietal cells in the stomach that aids in digestion

A

Hydrochloric acid

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15
Q

Enzymes that break down proteins

A

Peptidases

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16
Q

Colon consists of four portions

A

Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon

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17
Q

One of the four portions of the colon that extends upward from the cecum

A

Ascending colon

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18
Q

One of the four portions of the colon that extends from the hepatic flex urge across the abdomen to the splenic flexure

A

Transverse colon

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19
Q

One of the four portions of the colon that extends from the splenic flexure to the sigmoid colon

A

Descending colon

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20
Q

One of the four portions of the colon that extends from the descending colon and forms an S-shaped tube that extends into the pelvis and ends as the rectum

A

Sigmoid colon

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21
Q

A saclike organ located on the lower surface of the liver that acts as a reservoir for bile

A

Gallbladder (located in the RUQ)

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22
Q

It is vascular and vital in fighting infection as well as in the removal of red blood cells from circulation. Located behind the stomach in the LUQ

A

Spleen

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23
Q

A large abdominal organ that secretes bile into the gallbladder, the largest internal organ of the body? Where is it located

A

Liver. RUQ

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24
Q

Inflammation of the appendix

A

Appendicitis

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25
Q

The process of contraction of the smooth muscle in the wall of the alimentary tract that serves to propel food through the system

A

Peristalsis

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26
Q

An anatomic landmark in the RLQ of the abdomen that typically represents the location of pain associated with appendicitis

A

McBurney’s point

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27
Q

What organs are located in the retroperitoneal space

A

Kidneys, pancreas, duodenum, and major blood vessels

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28
Q

The productive component of metabolism associated with the build-up of energy stores and body tissue

A

Anabolism

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29
Q

The destruction component of metabolism associated with the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules

A

Catabolism

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30
Q

What serves as the main cell “food”

A

Glucose

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31
Q

The final products of carbohydrate digestion in the gut are?

A

Glucose, fructose, and galactose

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32
Q

An energy-requiring process that aids in the movement of particles through gradients

A

Facilitated diffusion

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33
Q

The three small sugars (glucose, fructose, and galactose) attach to _______________ and pass through intestinal mucosal cell membranes via facilitated diffusion

A

Carrier molecules

34
Q

Some glucose is stored in the liver as ______________ which is catabolized when necessary to raise the blood sugar level

A

Glycogen

35
Q

______ molecules form the “energy food” for all the body’s functions

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

36
Q

A biochemical process that occurs in the presence of oxygen and results in the production of energy in the form of ATP; also called cellular respiration

A

Aerobic metabolism

37
Q

An alternate form of metabolism that occurs when O2 levels are low and less energy is produced than during aerobic respiration; lactic acid is produced as a waste product during this process

A

Anaerobic metabolism

38
Q

A waste product during anaerobic metabolism

A

Lactate acid

39
Q

___________ occurs when heat at the surface is lost because of vaporization of liquid. Such as?

A

Evaporation. From sweating, or spraying water mist on the body to keep cool.

40
Q

A hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes the kidney to reabsorb more water into the blood and excrete less urine

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

41
Q

The absence of ADH results in ????

A

Large volumes of diluted urine????

42
Q

Reasons why the body might be depleted of fluids and electrolytes

A

Severe burns, or dehydration

43
Q

Solid, bean shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space that filter blood and excrete body wastes in the form of urine

A

Kidneys

44
Q

The functional unit of the kidney? what forms inside?

A

Nephron

45
Q

A semipermeable capillary filter located within the Bowman’s capsule in the nephron

A

Glomerulus

46
Q

A potentially severe bacterial infection of renal pelvis, medulla, and cortex. (Kidney infection)

A

Pyelonephritis

47
Q

A condition often caused by pituitary dysfunction that is associated with production of large volumes of dilute urine and in which the patients experience intense thirst. Result in decreased production of ADH

A

Diabetes insipidus

48
Q

A hormone produced by cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus when the blood pressure is low

A

Renin

49
Q

ADH is produced by the ____________ and is stored in the __________ lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus, posterior

50
Q

ADH regulates the permeability of the ____________ and the ______________

A

Distal convoluted, collecting ducts

51
Q

The female urethra is only about 4 cm long and is fused with the

A

Anterior wall of the vagina

52
Q

The portion in the nucleus of each cell on which genetic material is carried

A

Chromosome

53
Q

The total number of chromosomes (46) in a mature human cell

A

Diploid

54
Q

The number of chromosomes (23) carried on each sex cell in the body

A

Haploid

55
Q

During the reproductive years of a women’s life, the pituitary gland releases

A

Hormones at roughly monthly intervals

56
Q

Ovum contains

A

23 chromosomes

57
Q

The two hollow tubes or ducts that extend from the uterus to the region of the ovary and serve as a passage for ova and sperm? _________________ takes place here?

A

Fallopian tubes, fertilization of the ovum by sperm

58
Q

The pear-shaped female reproductive organ located in the midline of the lower abdomen that allows the implantation, growth, and nourishment of a fetus during pregnancy

A

Uterus

59
Q

The part of the uterus that extends into the vagina

A

Cervix

60
Q

The top portion of the uterus

A

Fundus

61
Q

Ligaments that hold the uterus in place

A

Broad ligament, round ligament, and uterosacral ligament

62
Q

Implantation occurs approximately ______ days after fertilization

A

7

63
Q

The thin mucous membrane that covers the vaginal opening

A

Hymen

64
Q

The anterior _______________ contains the external genitalia; the posterior _____________ contains the anal opening

A

Urogenital triangle, anal triangle

65
Q

A nonspecific term for infection within the vagina? Caused by? And signs?

A

Vaginitis. bacteria, yeast, viruses, parasites, chemicals, and STD’s. Inflammation, discharge, odor, painful intercourse

66
Q

A painful condition characterized by a testicle that is twisted about spermatic cord

A

Testicular torsion

67
Q

Major events in the __________ trimester include positive pregnancy test

A

1st

68
Q

The audible fetal heart tones noted on the _______________ __________ in the __________ trimester

A

Doppler ultrasound, 1st

69
Q

Pregnancy tests measure

A

Blood HCG

70
Q

Body cells contain a __________ number of _________ of chromosomes

A

Diploid, two sets

71
Q

Human body cell contains ___ chromosomes ____ pairs

A

46, 23 pairs

72
Q

Sex cell (sperm, ova) contain __________ number of chromosomes, or __ chromosomes each

A

Haploid, 23

73
Q

Once fertilized, the zygote can have two X chromosomes resulting in a _________ embryo

A

Female (XX)

74
Q

An zygote with an X and a Y chromosome resulted in a ________ embryo

A

Male (XY)

75
Q

The observable characteristics of an organism that results from genetic composition and environmental factors

A

Phenotype

76
Q

The genetic composition for a given trait

A

Genotype

77
Q

Opening in the duodenum into which the common bile duct and pancreatic duct drain

A

Ampulla of vater

78
Q

Individuals with appendicitis often are tender over an area known as

A

McBurney’s point in the RLQ

79
Q

If appendicitis goes untreated, the appendix may burst, resulting in the release of pus into the Abdominal cavity. What life threatening infection may result?

A

Peritonitis

80
Q

What happens in the first stage of labor

A

The uterine wall begins to contract and the cervix dilates

81
Q

What happens in the second stage of labor

A

The birth of the baby

82
Q

What happens in the third stage of labor

A

The placenta is expelled

Anatomy (9 decks)

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