Characteristics and classification of living organisms Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are the Characteristics of Living Things?
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
What are the 5 Kingdoms
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protoctists, Prokaryote
How do you name a species and what is it called?
Dicothomous key
-Genus first, Species last
- Use underline
How to classify species, why is this method used and for what?
Classify using sequences of bases in DNA, as organisms that share a more recent ancestors have sequences of DNA that are more similar
This is to reflect evolutionary relationships
How many organelle is in an Animal Cell, what are they and what do they do
7 Organelle
-Ribosome (for protein synthesis)
-Nucleus (brain of the cell)
-Mitochondria (generates energy through respiration)
-Cytoplasm (jelly like liquid where chemical reactions take place)
-Endoplasmic Reticulum (to hold ribosome)
-Cell Membrane (to filter for particles as its partially permeable)
What does the Nucleus contain and what does it do?
DNA (Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid), which holds information for instructions to code for proteins
Characteristics of the Cell Membrane
Its made of a thin layer of protein + fat, and it is partially permeable. Every cell contains a cell membrane
Organelle of the Plant Cell
6 Organelle
-Cell Wall
-Chloroplasts
-Cell Membrane
-Cytoplasm
-Permanent Vacuole
-Nucleus
Characteristics of Cell Wall
-It prevents the cell from bursting if vacuole is full
-Protects the Cell
-Fully permeable
Function of Permanent Vacuole
To store amino acids, water, pigment and sugar (cell sap)
Characteristics of Chloroplast
-Contains Chlorophyll (green)
-Absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
Difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
-Prokaryotes dont have a nucleus, while eukaryotes do (linear DNA and chromosome)
-Prokaryotes dont have membrane bound organelle (mitochondria, ER, chloroplast, vacuole)
Difference between Animal and Plant cell
-Animal Cells dont have chloroplasts, cell walls, vacuoles
-Animal cells only have a small vacuole called vessicle
Structure of Bacteria Cell
-Cell Membrane
-Cytoplasm
-Ribosome (smaller than normal animal cell)
-Cell wall (made of peptidoglycon)
-Circular Chromosome (not protected by nucleus)
-Plasmid (small extra dna which contains genes for survival)
Levels of Organization
Cell > Tissue > Organ > Organ System > Organism
Definition of specialised cells
Cells that have developed certain characteristics to do functions
Examples of Specialised Cells
Root hair cells, Xylem cells, Palisade Mesophyll cells, Egg cells, Sperm cells
