Characteristics and Needs

Question 1

Orthopedic Impairment

Answer 1

a physical disability where the bones or muscles do not work like a typical peer; many use braces or a wheelchair

Example.
Cerebral Palsy, Spina Bifida, Paraplegic

Question 2

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Answer 2

an injury that occurs to the brain due to accident or trauma; depending on where in the brain the injury occurs will determine how the student is impacted

Question 3

Schizophrenia

Answer 3

long-term disorder involving a breakdown in the relationship between thought, emotion, and behavior which can lead to faulty perception, innappropriate actions and feeling, withdrawal from reality, and mental fragmentation

Question 4

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD)

Answer 4

a label applied to individuals who have great difficulty concentrating on what they are doing

Question 5

Nonsymbolic Communication

Answer 5

Emotional offerings or gestures to communicate needs where the caregiver must guess what the person is trying to say

Example.
crying, pointing to things

Question 6

Visual Learning

Answer 6

Learning primarily by seeing things

Example.
Written examples

Question 7

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 7

disorder of the brain that causes extreme feelings of happiness (known as “mania”) followed by extreme feelings of sadness (depression)

Example.
If not treated, bipolar disorder can lead to damaged relationships, trouble at work or in school, and even depression.

Question 8

Deafness

Answer 8

complete loss of hearing that will not be regained over time

Example.
Deaf

Question 9

Executive Function

Answer 9

the cognitive abilities to control one’s thoughts, emotions, and actions - this includes working memory, inhibitory control and flexible thinking

Example.
Executive function is responsible for many skills, including paying attention, organizing, planning and prioritizing.

Question 10

Speech / Language Impairment

Answer 10

struggle with verbal communication that impacts their ability to effectively communicate thoughts or ideas in the classroom

Example.
Lisps, Speech Impediments, Language Impairment, Communication Disorders

Question 11

Language Disorder

Answer 11

language is not developing as expected, or is developing abnormally

Question 12

Cognitivism

Answer 12

learning new behaviors by connecting current knowledge with new knowledge

Example.
Teaching fractions by talking about pizza slices

Question 13

Receptive Language

Answer 13

the ability to understand meaning from language

Question 14

Profound Intellectual Disability

Answer 14

classified as anything below 20-25 IQ score

Question 15

Dyslexia

Answer 15

a disorder manifested by a difficulty in learning to read, write, or spell, despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity

Question 16

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 16

a label applied to individuals who have great difficulty concentrating on what they are doing AND are extremely active, impulsive, distractible, and excitable

Question 17

Dysgraphia

Answer 17

language-based disorder, in which one struggles with the mechanics of writing resulting in impaired or illegible handwriting

Example.
Messy handwriting (due to issues such as poor formation of letters, improper size, spacing between letters or words, or slant of words) is the main sign of dysgraphia.

Question 18

Other Health Impairment (OHI)

Answer 18

an impairment related to a student’s ability to focus and maintain attention during instruction

Example.
ADD, ADHD, Seizures, Cancer, Diabetes

Question 19

Intellectual Disability

Answer 19

students with an IQ below 70; this will affect all of their academic areas and their ability to care for themselves

Example.
Down Syndrome

Question 20

Constructivism

Answer 20

Learning new behaviors by adjusting our current view of the world

Example.
Research projects

Question 21

Aphasia

Answer 21

refers to the loss of the ability understand or express speech as the result of damage to the brain

Question 22

Language Delay

Answer 22

language is developed in a typical manner, but more slowly than average

Question 23

Dyscalculia

Answer 23

math-related learning disability characterized by an inability to grasp and remember math concepts, rules, and formulas, despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity

Question 24

Multiple Disabilities

Answer 24

a student who has disabilities in more than 1 disability category

Example.
Multiple Disabilities

Question 25

Contractures

Answer 25

permanent tightening of the muscles, tendons, skin, and nearby tissue, that causes joints to shorten and become stiff

Question 26

Hearing Impairment

Answer 26

partial hearing loss that can improve or worsen over time. Students with hearing aids that correct the loss can still qualify for services Example. Hearing Impaired

Question 27

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 27

congenital disorder that impairs coordination, affecting muscle tone, movement, and posture; typically caused by brain damage before or during birth

Question 28

Learned Helplessness

Answer 28

disconnection between an individual's understanding of their own role in determining their success or failure

Question 29

Shifting Hearing Impairment

Answer 29

refers to a temporary or fluctuating decrease in hearing which interferes with a student's ability to access the general education curriculum

Question 30

Kinesthetic Learning / Tactile Learning

Answer 30

Learning primarily by touching things or doing an activity Example. create and act out plays or skits

Question 31

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 31

genetic condition that damages the lungs and digestive system due to the body producing excess fluids and mucus, often leading to blockages in the body, especially within the lungs and intestines

Question 32

Task Analysis

Answer 32

Breaking a skill into small steps to guide students toward accomplishing a goal

Question 33

Expressive Language

Answer 33

the ability to express meaning through language

Question 34

Visual Impairment

Answer 34

any loss of vision that cannot be fully corrected with lenses Example. Visually Impaired, Blind

Question 35

Fragile X

Answer 35

genetic condition that usually results in developmental delays including learning disabilities and cognitive impairment

Question 36

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Answer 36

social and/or communication issues that can also impact behavior; can also include intellectual disabilities or learning differences Example. Autism, Aspergers, Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)

Question 37

Specific Learning Disability (SLD)

Answer 37

a neurological disorder that affects the brain's ability to receive, produce, process, store, or respond to information, leading to difficulties in certain academic areas despite average or above-average intelligence and adequate instruction Example. Dyslexia, Dysgraphia, Auditory Processing, Nonverbal Learning Disability

Question 38

Emotional Disturbance / Emotional Disability

Answer 38

a mental illness that impacts their behavior and ability to function in the classroom Example. Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Obsessive-compulsive Disorder

Question 39

Behaviorism

Answer 39

learning theory rooted in the notion that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment

Question 40

Down Syndrome

Answer 40

genetic disorder caused by a third copy of chromosome 21 usually resulting in growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and distinct facial features

Question 41

Spina Bifida

Answer 41

neural tube defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord do not form properly; the most common permanently disabling birth defect