Domain I Human Dev and Disability Flashcards
(43 cards)
What are developmental milestones?
Specific skills and behaviors children typically exhibit at certain ages, categorized into physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development.
Milestones serve as indicators of normal development.
Define gross motor skills.
Large muscle movements, such as walking, running, jumping, and throwing.
Examples include activities that require the use of big muscles.
What are fine motor skills?
Small muscle movements, such as grasping, manipulating objects, and drawing.
These skills are crucial for tasks like writing and using utensils.
What does sensory development include?
The development of the senses, including vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
It plays a key role in how children interact with their environment.
What factors are included in health and wellness?
Growth, nutrition, and overall physical health.
These factors are essential for healthy development.
What encompasses cognitive development?
Learning and memory, thinking and problem-solving, and language development.
Cognitive development is crucial for acquiring knowledge and reasoning.
What are the components of social development?
Social interaction, emotional regulation, and attachment.
These components help children form relationships and manage emotions.
Define emotional development.
Emotional expression, self-awareness, and empathy and compassion.
Emotional development is important for understanding and sharing feelings.
What is the sensorimotor stage?
The stage from birth to 2 years where children learn about the world through sensory experiences and physical actions.
Key development includes object permanence.
What characterizes the preoperational stage?
Children use symbolic thinking, such as language and pretend play, but struggle with logical reasoning and understanding conservation.
This stage lasts from 2 to 7 years.
Describe the concrete operational stage.
Children can think logically about concrete events and understand concepts like conservation and reversibility.
This stage occurs between 7 to 11 years.
What defines the formal operational stage?
Adolescents and adults can think abstractly, form hypotheses, and engage in complex reasoning.
This stage begins at 11 years and older.
What are learning delays?
Delays in reaching typical developmental milestones in one or more areas, impacting cognitive, social, emotional, speech, and motor skills.
These delays can affect a child’s overall development.
What are early signs of developmental delays?
Difficulties in language and communication, gross and fine motor skills, social-emotional skills, cognitive skills, and adaptive skills.
Signs may include not using words by certain ages or struggling with basic self-help tasks.
What is typical development?
The predictable pattern of milestones and skills a child is expected to achieve at certain ages.
Typical development follows a sequence of milestones.
What is atypical development?
Situations where a child’s development deviates significantly from typical patterns, either lagging behind or advancing faster.
Atypical development may require intervention.
How does autism affect education?
Challenges with communication, social interaction, sensory sensitivities, and academic performance.
These factors necessitate tailored educational support.
What are the effects of ADHD on academic performance?
Impacts attention, focus, and task completion, potentially leading to lower academic achievement.
ADHD symptoms include inattention and hyperactivity.
How does emotional disturbance affect students?
Affects emotional regulation and leads to behavioral challenges, impacting academic performance.
Students may struggle with social interactions and classroom participation.
What are the cognitive impacts of intellectual disabilities?
Difficulties with learning, memory, and problem-solving skills.
These challenges can significantly affect academic performance.
What secondary characteristics may develop due to disabilities?
Learned helplessness, decreased motivation, low self-esteem, and feelings of frustration.
These can contribute to mental health issues like anxiety and depression.
When should you seek professional help for developmental concerns?
If there are concerns about a child’s development, consulting a pediatrician or qualified healthcare professional is crucial.
Early identification and intervention maximize a child’s potential.
Fill in the blank: Atypical development may exhibit significant _______ in reaching specific milestones.
Delays
What is anxiety?
The feeling of being overwhelmed and lacking control.
