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Amanda CRNA > Characteristics of NTs > Flashcards

Characteristics of NTs Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Norepi is released from

A

the locus ceruleus of midbrain

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2
Q

Norepi is released from which system ?

A

SNS

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3
Q

Norepi binds to what receptors

A

alpha or beta

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4
Q

Norepi release is enhanced by

A

amphetamines

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5
Q

Reuptake of norepi is blocked by

A

TCA (tricyclics), Cocaine

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6
Q

Reserpine has what effect on Norepi? leads to?

A

Reserpine decreases Norepi levels –> depression

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7
Q

Norepi is metabolized by

A

MAO and COMT

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8
Q

Metabolites of Norepi are:

A
  • 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acic (DOMA)
  • Normethanephrine
  • 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyglycol (MOPEG)
  • Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA)
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9
Q

In phenochromocytoma, what is excreted?

A

increased VMA excretion in urine

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10
Q

ACh is mainly what kind of NT?

A

Excitatory

-inhibitory on heart

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11
Q

ACh is secreted by:

A

motor neuron at NMJ
pre-ganglionic fibers of SNS and PNS
post-ganglionic fibers of PNS and some of SNS

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12
Q

this prolongs the effect of acetylcholine

A

organophosphate
nerve gas

*acts as AChE blocker –> prolonging effects of ACh

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13
Q

Treatment for organophosphate toxicity?

A

Atropine

-blocks muscarinic receptors

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14
Q

Release of ACh is inhibited by

A

botulinum toxin

- muscle paralysis

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15
Q

ACh receptors are blocked by

A

Curare

-muscle paralysis

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16
Q

this NT is decreased in Alzheimer’s disease

A

ACh

*give AChE blockers (Rivastigmine) to help

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17
Q

The ACh receptors are destroyed in

A

Myasthenia gravis

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18
Q

Epi is secreted, along with norepi from

A

adrenal medulla

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19
Q

Dopamine releases from

A

substantia nigra

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20
Q

dopamine inhibits

A

prolactin secretion

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21
Q

Dopamine is decreased in what disease process? why?

A

parkinson’s disease

-degeneration of dopamenergic neurons of substantia nigra

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22
Q

Dopamine is increased in what disease?

A

schizoprenia

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23
Q

Serotonin (or 5-HT) is formed from

24
Q

Serotonin (5-HT) is produced by the

Study These Flashcards
A

Raphe nuclei, dorsal horn of spinal cord

25
Serotonin is an ____ of pain pathways in the spinal cord
inhibitor | *feeling good NT*
26
Fluoxetine is
Prozac | *SSRI
27
SSRI's inhibit
reuptake (recycling) of serotonin --> increasing serotonin levels --antidepressant action
28
Histamine is present in the
hypothalamus
29
Histamine is formed from
histidine
30
Histamine is released by
mast cells
31
For increased stomach acid secretion, we'd give
H2 blockers
32
The most common excitatory NT is
Glutamate "Go Glutamate Go"
33
This NT is known as the "stroke NT"
Glutamate excites the cells to death in stroke
34
after a stroke, Glutamate increases intracellular
Na+ and Ca++
35
How many glutamate receptors are there?
four - three subtypes - including NMDA receptor
36
GABA-A receptors increase
Cl- conductance
37
The site of action of benzodiazepines (Valium) and barbiturates:
GABA A receptors
38
GABA-B receptors incease
K+ conductance
39
This is an inhibitory NT in the spinal cord, basal ganglia, cerebellum and cerebral cortex
GABA
40
This is an inhibitory NT mainly in the SPINAL cord
Glycine
41
Glycine is in the
spinal cord
42
Glycine increases
Cl- conductance
43
Tetanus toxin (clostridium tetanus) blocks
glycine --> tetanus
44
A short acting inhibitory NT
NO (nitric oxide)
45
NO acts in the
GIT blood vessels CNS
46
This NT acts via cGMP
Nitric Oxide (NO)
47
These are natural opiates
endorphins
48
Name types of endorphins
Dynorphin | Enkephalins
49
Endorphins inhibit release of
Substance P *no sub p to brain = no pain*
50
This NT mediates pain sensation in PNS
Substance P
51
Somatostatin is what kind of NT hormone?
very inhibitory hormone
52
This NT has an anti-GH effect
Somatostatin
53
What NT also affects REM sleep
ACh
54
What NT's affect Huntington's
Ach and GABA
55
Acidosis on neuronal activity
depresses neuronal activity | -pH change from 7.4 to 7.0 will induce coma
56
Alkalosis effect on neuronal activity
increases neuronal excitability | -ph change from 7.4-8.0 will induce Seizures

Amanda CRNA (8 decks)

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