characteristics of organism chp 1 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Define Movement
an action by an organism or
part of an organism causing a change of
position or place
Define Respiration
the chemical reactions in cells
that break down nutrient molecules and
release energy for metabolism
Define Sensitivity
the ability to detect and
respond to changes in the internal or external
environment
Define Growth
a permanent increase in size and
dry mass
Define Reproduction
the processes that make
more of the same kind of organism
Define Excretion
the removal of the waste
products of metabolism and substances in
excess of requirements
Define Nutrition
the taking in of materials for
energy, growth and development
Define Species
a group of organisms that
can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
Describe binomial system of naming species
an internationally agreed system in which the
scientific name of an organism is made up of two
parts showing the genus and species
State the different ways to classify organisms
- Morphology ( physical appearance)
- Anatomy ( disect and observe inside )
- DNA sequencing
- Organisms that descend from common ancestors share similar features
- The Binomial Naming System
- MRS GREN
What are the common cell structures all living organisms contain?
- cell membrane
- cytoplasm
- DNA ( either in nucleus or free in cytoplasm )
- Ribosome
- Enzymes
What are the five Kingdoms ?
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctists
Prokaryotes
What are the main features of Animals?
multicellular
feed on organic substances made by other living things
What are the main features of Plants?
multicellular
feed by photosynthesis
What are the main features of Fungi?
unicellular
cells have nucleus and cell wall made from chitin
do not photosynthesise
feed on dead , decaying material or live material nutrition by secreting enzymes onto material then absorbing products of digestion
What are the main features of Protoctists?And examples ?
E.g : Ameoba, paramecium
most unicellular , some multi
all have nucleus
some have choloroplast and cell wall which means they can photosynthesise and feed on organic substances
what are the main features of prokaryote and examples ?
e.g: Bacteria, algae
uncellular
have cell wall and cytoplasm
no nucleus, no mitochondria, no chloroplast
What are the features of virus? what are they made out of ? Examples ?
Non living - do not carry of MRS GREN
takes over a host cell’s metabolic pathways in order to multiply themselves
only reproduce within a host
Made out of Nucleic acid (DNA & RNA ) and protein coat
E.g HIV
What are the cell walls of Bacteria, Fungi and plants made out of ?
Plant - cellulose
Fungi - chitin
Bacteria - peptidoglycan
Living things are ranked according to different divisions. Name them . Hint : KPCOFGS
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Key to remembering : King Philip Comes Over For Good Soup
Classification of animals . Name them
Vertebrates ( Mammals, Fish, Birds, Amphibians, Reptiles )
Invertebrates ( Myriapods, Arachnids, Insects, Crustaceans )
Vertebrates classification and their features . Name them
Mammals:
- give birth to young alive , internal fertilisation
- have fur or hair
- breathe through lungs
- warm blooded
- external ears
- mammary glands
- 4 types of teeth
- whiskers
Birds:
- Hard shelled eggs, internal fertilisation
- lungs for breathing/ gas exchange
- warm blooded
- Feathers
- Beaks
- Scales of legs
Fish:
- Jelly cover eggs , External fertilisation
- gills for gas exchange
- cold blooded
- scales
- Fins
- Streamlined
Amphibians :
- Jelly covered eggs , external fertilisation
- lungs and skin for gas exchange ( adults )
- Gills for gas exchange ( Young/ larvae live in water )
- cold blooded
- moist skin
- live both land and water
Reptiles:
- Soft shelled eggs , internal fertilisation
- gills for gas exchanges
- cold blooded
- dry scaly skin
Invertebrate classification and features. What they have in common?
in common: exoskeleton, segmented body, jointed legs
Insects :
- 3 pairs of legs
- 3 body segments ( head, thorax, abodomen )
- Antennae
- Wings
Arachnids:
- 4 pairs of legs
- 2 body parts ( cephalothorax and abdomen )
- No antennae
- No wings
Crustaceans :
- 5 pairs of legs
- 2 body parts ( cephalothorax and abdomen )
- Have antennae
- No wings
Myriapods:
- More than 5 pairs of legs
- Many body parts
- Have antennae
- No wings
Plant kingdom splits into ?
Ferns
Flowering Plants :
- Monocotyledon
- Dicotyledon
