Charles 1

Question 1

What was Charles view of his power and authority?

Answer 1

Charles felt he had absolute power/ authority and did not need the advice of parliament

Question 2

What is divine right of kings?

Answer 2

Define right of Kings meant that Charles believed he was appointed by God no one can challenge the kings authority.

Question 3

Who were Charle’s advisors?

Answer 3

The Duke of Buckingham who parliament considered unsuitable and His wife Henrietta Maria

Question 4

What was parliament view of Charles’s power and authority?

Answer 4

Parliament did not like divine right of Kings. They felt that their role should be to provide advice. Parliament represented the people and so the king needed to know what the people wanted.

Question 5

What religion was England in the 1620s?

Answer 5

Protestant

Question 6

Who helped Charles change the churches?

Answer 6

Archbishop Laud

Question 7

What changes with Charles and archbishop Laud trying to make to English churches?

Answer 7

They made churches more decorated and beautiful to make people closer to god. Added a rood screen between people and the clergy. Alter to the east side with a rail around it.

Question 8

Why did puritans prefer earlier churches?

Answer 8

Because they can openly worship God and focus on him without being distracted by decorations

Question 9

What year was the Scottish prayer book revolt?

Answer 9

1637

Question 10

What was the Scottish prayer book revolt?

Answer 10

Scott’s were very puritan, they regected any services that even looked a little bit catholic like bishops, Charles ordered the English prager book to be used in Scotland and didn’t ask the Scot’s about this.

Question 11

How long is the king normally allowed custom duties?

Answer 11

For life

Question 12

How long did parliament grant Charles custom duties?

Answer 12

1 year

Question 13

When did parliament grant Charles custom duties?

Answer 13

1625

Question 14

What does parliament not trusting Charles with custom duties show about there relationship?

Answer 14

Relations are poor and they don’t trust him with their money.

Question 15

What is ship money?

Answer 15

Ship money is tax that is used to improve the navy in times of war

Question 16

Who introduced Ship money?

Answer 16

Elizabeth 1

Question 17

Where was ship money originally collected from and why?

Answer 17

Coastal areas because they are more likely to be attacked so they pay the Navy to protect them

Question 18

What happened to ship money under charles’s personal rule why?

Answer 18

Collection of ship money was extended. He could no longer collect money from Parliament tax so he used ship money because he couldn’t grant new taxes.

Question 19

When was coastal county’s expected to pay ship money?

Answer 19

1634

Question 20

When was ship money extended inland?

Answer 20

1635

Question 21

Why did people dislike the extension of ship money?

Answer 21

-no war
- some county’s are nowhere near the sea so have no need for protection

Question 22

What happened to the expected amount of ship money?

Answer 22

It increased

Question 23

When did people stop paying ship money.

Answer 23

1639

Question 24

What is coat and conduct money?

Answer 24

Asking people to pay for soldiers uniforms

Question 25

How do people respond to coat and conduct money?

Answer 25

- taxpayers strike - Gentry refused to pay and collect the tax - Wiltshire soldiers broke in to prison and realeased those imprisoned for not paying the money.

Question 26

What happened in 1629?

Answer 26

Parliament critiqued the king so The king decided not to call them for 11 years. The 11 years tyrany

Question 27

What is the long parliament?

Answer 27

Demands made by parliament - ministers replaced - parliament would be called regularly - there will be no taxes without parliaments consent

Question 28

What demands of the long parliament did Charles agree to ?

Answer 28

Parliament would meet every 3 years, Ministers such as laud would be removed

Question 29

How does the long parliament weaken the king’s relationship?

Answer 29

Charles has divine right of kings and felt that they can’t tell him what to do. King is not used to it

Question 30

When was the long parliament?

Answer 30

November 1640

Question 31

When were the concessions made by the king?

Answer 31

Summer of 1641

Question 32

What happened about ship money and custom duties?

Answer 32

Ship money illegal!, Custom duties 2 months more

Question 33

What was the grand remonstrance?

Answer 33

A new list of demands for the king. Charles was to employ councillors who parliament could trust. The power of bishops would be reduced.

Question 34

When was the grand remonstrance?

Answer 34

November 1641

Question 35

When was the Irish rebellion?

Answer 35

November 1641

Question 36

When was the attempted arrest of the 5 MPs?

Answer 36

January 1642

Question 37

When did parliament take over putting down the Irish rebellions?

Answer 37

March 1642

Question 38

When were the 19 propositions?

Answer 38

June 1642

Question 39

What were some of the things in the 19 propositions?

Answer 39

All policy’s must be approved my parliament, All if the kings officials had to be approved by parliament, Parliament controls the education of the kings children

Question 40

When did war happen?

Answer 40

August 1642

Question 41

Who supported the king?

Answer 41

Catholic, North-west

Question 42

Who supported parliament?

Answer 42

South east, Puritans

Question 43

Who were the key figures on the kings side?

Answer 43

Charles 1, Prince Rupert( kings nephew and leader of the cavalry)

Question 44

Who was important on the parliaments side in the civil war

Answer 44

Oliver Cromwell ( member of parliament and devoted puritan), Thomas Fairfax ( commander in chief for new model army)

Question 45

When was the battle of Naseby?

Answer 45

1645

Question 46

What happened in the battle of naseby?

Answer 46

- First time royalist troops faced the NMA - Royalist cavalry attacked but Cromwells cavalry defeated the royalists. - this was the last major battle of the civil war

Question 47

When was the battle of Marston Moor?

Answer 47

1644

Question 48

What happened at Marston moor?

Answer 48

Parliamentarians attacked the unprepared and scattered royalists. The royalists were defeated. The king lost north england

Question 49

When was the new model army created?

Answer 49

1645

Question 50

What was the nma like?

Answer 50

Based on military skills rather than social class. Tactics like attacking from sides and being well disciplined. Also based on cavalry

Question 51

What happened on the dates of the events in court?

Answer 51

22-23 January- didn’t talk and got sent away 24-27 winess’s, Charles was accused of starting a war against parliament. 27- verdict

Question 52

What was Charles’s verdict and sentence?

Answer 52

Guilty of being a traitor, tyrant, murderer, and public enemy of the people. Sentence- execution

Question 53

Who attended the courtroom ?

Answer 53

135 should have attended but were too scared so only 68 showed up. Westminister hall- location. John Bradshaw was the president.

Question 54

What date was Charles executed?

Answer 54

Tuesday 30th January 1649

Question 55

Describe the events of the execution.

Answer 55

- asked for two shirts and didn’t want to appear as shivering from fear. - taken to white ball and ate bread and drunk wine. - at 2 he stepped onto the scaffold and had his head chopped off in one blow. - supporters of the king dipped there handkerchiefs in the kings blood and took the hairs from his head. - body was buried at Windsor castle