Chat questions Flashcards
(15 cards)
In HSRP what are the terms Active Router, Standby Router, Virtual IP Address, Virtual MAC Address?
• Active Router: The router currently forwarding packets sent to the virtual IP address.
• Standby Router: The router ready to take over if the active router fails.
• Virtual IP Address: Shared IP address used as the default gateway by hosts.
• Virtual MAC Address: MAC address associated with the virtual IP.
HSRP Protocol Characteristics:
• Protocol Type: Cisco proprietary
• Layer: Operates at Layer 3 (Network layer)
• Multicast Address Used: 224.0.0.2
• UDP Port Used: 1985
• Default Hello Timer: 3 seconds
• Default Hold Timer: 10 seconds
Routers exchange hello messages to inform others of their status. If the standby router doesn’t hear from the active router within the hold time, it takes over as the active router.
HSRP States:
- Initial – Interface is down or HSRP is not running.
- Learn – Router is waiting to hear from an active router.
- Listen – Router knows the virtual IP but is neither active nor standby.
- Speak – Router sends hello messages and is trying to become active or standby.
- Standby – Ready to become active if the current active router fails.
- Active – Currently forwarding packets sent to the virtual IP.
What are Priority and Preemption in HSRP?
Priority and Preemption:
• Routers are assigned a priority (default is 100).
• The highest priority becomes the active router.
• If preemption is enabled, a router with higher priority can take over even if another is currently active.
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Example Use Case:
You have two routers connected to the same LAN. Hosts on the LAN use a single gateway IP (the HSRP virtual IP). If the active router fails, the standby router takes over without requiring any changes on the host devices.
- What is the primary purpose of HSRP?
A. Load balancing across multiple routers
B. Secure router communication
C. High availability for default gateway
D. Encrypt routing updates
C
Match the term with its description:
A. Virtual IP. 1. Address configured on real interfaces
B. Active. 2. Forwards traffic to hosts
C. Standby. 3. Takes over if active router fails
D. Hello. 4. Multicast packet to maintain status
Match the term with its description:
Your answer:
• A = 1 (Virtual IP → Address configured on real interfaces)
• B = 2 (Active → Forwards traffic to hosts)
• C = 3 (Standby → Takes over if active router fails)
• D = 4 (Hello → Multicast packet to maintain status)
- Which of the following IP addresses is used by HSRP hello packets?
A. 224.0.0.5
B. 224.0.0.2
C. 224.0.0.10
D. 224.0.0.102
B. 224.0.0.2
Note: Some versions of HSRP also use 224.0.0.102 (HSRPv2), but for HSRPv1 (default in CCNA), 224.0.0.2 is acceptable.
- What is the default priority value for HSRP?
A. 50
B. 100
C. 200
D. 0
B
- Which command enables a router to take over the active role if it has a higher priority?
A. standby 1 enable
B. standby 1 takeover
C. standby 1 preempt
D. standby 1 priority
D. standby 1 preempt
- What transport layer protocol and port number does HSRP use?
A. TCP port 80
B. UDP port 1985
C. UDP port 520
D. TCP port 1985
B
- True or False: HSRP allows multiple routers to share the same IP address at the same time.
True
HSRP uses a shared virtual IP address that multiple routers are aware of. Only one router actively uses it at a time to forward traffic, but all routers in the group share knowledge of it. So while the routers don’t simultaneously forward traffic, they do share the IP.
- Which HSRP state means the router is actively forwarding packets for the virtual IP address?
A. Standby
B. Active
C. Listen
D. Speak
B
In a standard HSRP group, how many routers can be active at one time?
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. Unlimited
B
How can HSRP improve gateway availability for hosts in a subnet?
HSRP allows hosts to use a single virtual IP address as their default gateway. If the active router fails, the standby router takes over automatically, preventing network downtime and ensuring continuous connectivity.
Key Points to Remember:
✅ HSRP
✅ VRRP
✅ GLBP
HSRP
• Default gateway redundancy
• One active and one standby router
• No load balancing
• Cisco proprietary
VRRP
• Open standard (used in multi-vendor environments)
• Similar to HSRP
• Master router handles all traffic; others are backups
GLBP
• Cisco proprietary
• Offers load balancing and redundancy
• Multiple routers actively share traffic using different virtual MACs
• Great for networks that need high availability and bandwidth utilization
💡 Exam Tip:
If the question mentions load balancing with redundancy, the correct answer is likely GLBP.
