chem 10

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 2

states of matter

Answer 2

solid liquid gas

Question 3

particle theory of matter

Answer 3

1. All substances are made up
   of tiny particles
2. All particles in a pure
   substance are the same
3. Particles have spaces
   between them
4. Particles are always in
   motion
5. Particles in a substance are
   attracted to each other

Question 4

Pure substance

Answer 4

All particles that make up
the substance are identical

Question 5

Element

Answer 5

Pure substance that can not be broken
down into other substances

Question 6

compound

Answer 6

Chemical combination of
two or more elements

Question 7

law of conservation and mass

Answer 7

Mass is neither produced nor
destroyed in a chemical reaction

Question 8

democritus

Answer 8

Believed that matter
was made up of tiny
particles that could not
be divided, atomos,
meaning indivisible

Question 9

John Dalton

Answer 9

(1766-1844)
Believed that all atoms
were like tiny spheres,
with different
properties and a
variety of sizes

Question 10

J.J. Thompson

Answer 10

J.J. Thompson (1856-1940)
Discovered the electron

Question 11

Ernest Rutherford

Answer 11

(1871-1937)
Discovered the
nucleus of the
atom
Described it as
an ant in a
football field

Question 12

Neils Bohr

Answer 12

(1885-1962)Proposed
electrons
surrounded the
nucleus in
specific energy
levels

Question 13

metals

Answer 13

• Good conductors
• malleable: can be rolled into sheets
  without breaking
• ductile: stretched into wires

Question 14

non metals

Answer 14

• lack resemblance to metals
• all non magnetic

Question 15

metalloids

Answer 15

• B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, At
  *have properties that are intermediate
  between metals and non-metals

Question 16

atom

Answer 16

Smallest part of an element with
properties of the element

Question 17

proton

Answer 17

a single, relatively
large particle with a
positive charge that is
found in the nucleus

Question 18

neutron

Answer 18

a single, relatively
large particle with a
neutral charge that is
found in the nucleus

Question 19

electron

Answer 19

a single, very small
particle with a
negative charge that
is found in a “cloud”
around the nucleus

Question 20

energy level

Answer 20

Occupied by
electrons and is a
region of space that
may be empty or
contain an electron.
Electrons nearest
the nucleus have
the lowest energy

Question 21

atomic number

Answer 21

the number of protons
in an atom
(assuming the atom is
neutral, # of p+ = # of e-)

Question 22

atomic mass number

Answer 22

The total mass of all of the
subatomic particles in an atom
(but really # of protons and
neutrons)

Question 23

calculating neutrons

Answer 23

To calculate the number of neutrons,
subtract the atomic number (smaller)
from the atomic mass number (larger)
A – Z = # of neutrons
108 - 47 = 61
atomic mass # - atomic # =
# of neutrons

Question 24

ion

Answer 24

Atoms of the same element that differ in
charge.
(They have the same # of protons, but
different # of electrons)

Question 25

cation

Answer 25

Positively charged ions that occur when an electron leaves the atom. (usually metals)

Question 26

anion

Answer 26

Negatively charged ions that occur when an atom gains an electron. (usually non-metals)

Question 27

ionic compound

Answer 27

-metal and non metal bonded --all lower case -ide ending

Question 28

molecular compounds

Answer 28

1.Write the entire name of the first element 2.Change the ending on the name of the second element to “ide” 3.Use prefixes to indicate the number of each type of atom in the formula (you may omit the prefix “mono” for the first element.) 4.Write the name in lower case

Question 29

prefixes

Answer 29

1. mono 2. di 3. tri 4. tetra 5. penta 6. hexa 7. hepta 8. octa 9. nona 10. deca You need to memorize them

Question 30

water

Answer 30

H2O

Question 31

hydrogen peroxide

Answer 31

H2O2

Question 32

ammonia

Answer 32

NH3

Question 33

glucose

Answer 33

C6H12O6

Question 34

methane

Answer 34

CH4

Question 35

propane

Answer 35

C3H8

Question 36

methanol

Answer 36

CH3OH

Question 37

ethanol

Answer 37

C2H5OH

Question 38

acids

Answer 38

-conducts electricity -tastes sour -litmus paper turns red and or stays red -neutralizes bases -ph is 0-6.9

Question 39

bases

Answer 39

-conducts electricity -tastes bitter -feels slippery -litmus paper turns or stays blue -neutralizes acid -ph 7.1-14

Question 40

moles calculation

Answer 40

* Step 1: Write down all of the different elements * Step 2: Write down how many of each type you have * Step 3: Write down the atomic mass for each and multiply by how many you have. * Step Four: Add the results of step 3 together and put a “g/mol” on your final answer