Chem 10 final

Question 0

Describe a strong acid

Answer 0

Donate their proton completely to water or 100% ionized in aqueous solution

Question 1

What determines the strength of an acid or base?

Answer 1

Their extent of ionization in aqueous solution

Question 2

Describe a weak acid

Answer 2

Donate their protons to water incompletely (less than 100%)

Question 3

What are corrosive cleaners?

Answer 3

Substances which have the ability to weaken or destroy materials by chemical action, often acid base reactions

Question 4

What are some examples of corrosive cleaners?

Answer 4

Toilet bowl cleaners (pH=below 2)

Drain cleaners and oven cleaners (pH is 12 or higher)

Question 5

Describe a hydronium ion

Answer 5

When water accepts a H+ ion (proton), it becomes a hydronium ion, H3O+

Question 6

Acidic solution:

Answer 6

Contains higher concentration of H3O+ ions than OH-

Question 7

Base:

Answer 7

H+ ion acceptor

Question 8

Weak acid:

Answer 8

Donates it’s protons to water incompletely

Question 9

Strong base

Answer 9

Donates it’s protons to water completely,100%

Question 10

What ingredients are present in antacid?

Answer 10

Magnesium and aluminum hydroxide and bicarbonate and carbonate salts

Question 11

pH formula?

Answer 11

pH= -log[H3O+]

Question 12

What is a saturated hydrocarbon?

Answer 12

Consists of C-C single bonds only (alkanes)

Question 13

What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon ?

Answer 13

Consists of C=C double OR TRIPLE bond (Alkenes and Alkynes)

Question 14

Alkanes are also called:

Answer 14

Paraffins

Question 15

Allene’s are also called:

Answer 15

Olefins

Question 16

Root words of alkanes (single bonds)

Answer 16

1 Methane, 2 ethane, 3 propane, 4 butane, 5 pentane, 6 hexane, 7 heptane, 8 octane, 9 nonane, 10 decane

Question 17

Name some components of natural gas

Answer 17

Methane, ethane, propane

Question 18

What is in disposable lighters

Answer 18

Butane

Question 19

What are the components of gasoline?

Answer 19

Pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, and decane

Question 20

Paraffins (alkanes) can be described as:

Answer 20

Having very low reactivity,
Formula C2H2n+2
Relatively low boiling and melting points
Not soluble in water
Combustion produces CO2 and water

Question 21

What is a cyclic alkane?

Answer 21

Ring structure with no multiple bonds

Question 22

Allene’s are also known as

Answer 22

Olefins

Question 23

Describe Alkenes

Answer 23

Aliphatic,
unsaturated
C=C double bond

Question 24

Most reactive type of hydrocarbon is _____ and the least reactive is ______.

Answer 24

Alkynes.....alkanes

Question 25

Alkynes are also known as

Answer 25

Acetylene

Question 26

Describe acetylenes (Alkynes)

Answer 26

Unsaturated C (triple) C bond More reactive than alkenes

Question 27

Cis isomer

Answer 27

Longest chain on same side of bond

Question 28

Trans isomer

Answer 28

Longest chain on opposite side of bond

Question 29

What is an example of an aromatic hydrocarbon?

Answer 29

Benzene

Question 30

C-C-C-[[[OH]]] Functional group?

Answer 30

Hydroxyl group (alcohol)

Question 31

-OH Benzene-OH

Answer 31

Phenolic group (phenols)

Question 32

C-O-C

Answer 32

Ether

Question 33

C-N

Answer 33

Amine group (amines)

Question 34

O !! -C-C-C

Answer 34

Ketone group (ketones)

Question 35

O !! -C-H

Answer 35

Aldehyde group (aldehydes)

Question 36

O !! -C-N

Answer 36

Amide group (amides)

Question 37

O !! -C-OH

Answer 37

Carboxyl group (carboxylic acids)

Question 38

O !! -C-O-C-

Answer 38

Ester group (esters)

Question 39

O=C

Answer 39

Carbonyl

Question 40

What is the formula for alkane?

Answer 40

CnH2n+2

Question 41

What is the formula for alkene?

Answer 41

CnH2n

Question 42

What is the formula for alkyne?

Answer 42

CnH2n-2

Question 43

An ion commonly found in many antacids is

Answer 43

OH-

Question 44

A buffer is a mixture that

Answer 44

Maintains pH

Question 45

A base is

Answer 45

An OH- ion donor and a substance like magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2

Question 46

Why is pure water neutral?

Answer 46

Pure water has equal numbers of H+ ions and OH- ions

Question 47

In the 1800's refrigerants used were:

Answer 47

Toxic and flammable

Question 48

The study of DNA will be done under what branch of science?

Answer 48

Genetics and biochemistry

Question 49

White gold is a mixture of?

Answer 49

Gold and platinum

Question 50

What is a branch of biological science?

Answer 50

Ecology

Question 51

What is the name of the chemicals that caused the ozone hole and which year was their use completely banned?

Answer 51

CFC's (chlorofluorocarbons) were banned in 1987

Question 52

Determination of structure and composition of a chemical compound is covered under what science?

Answer 52

Analytical chemistry

Question 53

What is responsible for ozone layer depletion?

Answer 53

CFCs

Question 54

Which out of the following is not a physical science? Chemistry, geology, ecology, or physics ?

Answer 54

Ecology

Question 55

Discovery of Teflon was accidental, it is an example of what science?

Answer 55

Basic science

Question 56

Who asked who to search for a better refrigerant and in which year?

Answer 56

Charles Kettering asked Thomas midgley and his team to replace old refrigerants in 1928

Question 57

Chemistry is often defined as the study of:

Answer 57

Matter and the changes it can undergo

Question 58

The study if a carbon compound is called?

Answer 58

Organic chemistry

Question 59

Which out of the following exists in a liquid state at room temperature? Sulphur, aluminum, mercury, or nitrogen?

Answer 59

Mercury

Question 60

How many miles are in 27.37 kilometers?

Answer 60

17 miles

Question 61

How many inches are in 6 feet?

Answer 61

72 inches

Question 62

1 mega ton =?

Answer 62

10(6) tons

Question 63

Which of the following is not a homogenous mixture? Sweetened tea, blood, pure water, or brass?

Answer 63

Blood

Question 64

What is the heaviest particle in an atom?

Answer 64

Neutrons

Question 65

What type of radioactive rays were used and which elements atoms were studied by Rutherford during his experiment?

Answer 65

Alpha rays were used, gold atoms were studied

Question 66

The diameter of an atom is ______ times greater than the diameter of its ____.

Answer 66

100,000 and nucleus

Question 67

Which group elements are called halogens?

Answer 67

1

Question 68

To which period in the periodic table do the lanthanide series belong?

Answer 68

6

Question 69

Arrange the given elements in order of their increasing metallic character: In, Al, Tl, B, Ga

Answer 69

B, Al, Ga, In, Ti

Question 70

Which groups in the periodic table consist of entirely nonmetals?

Answer 70

17 & 18

Question 71

What groups are metalloids?

Answer 71

13, 14, 15, & 16

Question 72

Which element in the pair is more reactive? Na or Cs? K or Br? C or Sn? Co or Ti?

Answer 72

Cs K Sn Ti

Question 73

What is the formula for Dichloride monoxide?

Answer 73

Cl[2]O

Question 74

What is the chemical name for K[2]S ?

Answer 74

Potassium sulfide

Question 75

What is the chemical name for BeF[2] ?

Answer 75

Beryllium fluoride

Question 76

Which bond is more polar? H-H or H-F ? N-F or N-Br ?

Answer 76

H-F N-Br

Question 77

How many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?

Answer 77

4

Question 78

List the metalloids....

Answer 78

B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te

Question 79

Which state of matter has fixed particles?

Answer 79

Solid

Question 80

The cooling effect that occurs when water evaporates from moist skin is a consequence of this property of water;

Answer 80

Heat of vaporization

Question 81

An ion has 12 protons, 13 neutrons, and 10 electrons...what is the symbol and the charge?

Answer 81

Mg+2

Question 82

On what type of night will the phenomenon of radiational cooling be the least noticeable?

Answer 82

Cloudy

Question 83

Liquids have a:

Answer 83

Fixed volume and no definite shape

Question 84

What are the solutes and solvents in a glass of iced tea flavored with sugar and lemon juice?

Answer 84

Solutes: sugar and lemon juice Solvent: water

Question 85

Which type of radiation hits the earth in the highest percentage?

Answer 85

Infrared

Question 86

Which molecule will absorb infrared radiation?

Answer 86

Methane

Question 87

What is 136 degrees F in Celsius?

Answer 87

58

Question 88

What does a plant convert carbon dioxide into during photosynthesis?

Answer 88

Sugar

Question 89

Which is not a greenhouse gas? CO[2], H[2]O, CO, CH[4]

Answer 89

CO

Question 90

What happens to most of the UV radiation in our atmosphere?

Answer 90

Absorbed by ozone

Question 91

What is the earths average temperature?

Answer 91

59*F or 15*C

Question 92

Name 2 atmospheric gases that do not absorb IR radiations.

Answer 92

N[2] and O[2]

Question 93

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 93

6CO[2] + 6H[2]O---->C[6]H[12]O[6] + 6O[2]

Question 94

Which greenhouse gas is present in highest concentration in our atmosphere?

Answer 94

CO[2]

Question 95

What is another name for infrared radiation?

Answer 95

Heat

Question 96

Ozone depleting substances usually contain this element:

Answer 96

Chlorine

Question 97

What type of radiation has a wavelength of 350nm?

Answer 97

UV-A