chem 13.2 Flashcards
(21 cards)
how are elements arranged in the periodic table
in order of increasing atomic number
what are columns called
groups
similarities and differences of elements in the same group
similar chemical properties
differ in reactivity
what are rows called and how are they arranged
periods, arranged from metals, semi-metal and non-metals
where do transition metals start appearing
period 4
where are electrons arranged
in electron shells
amount of shells an electron can hold (n for the shell no.)
2n^2
starting from the 3rd shell how many electrons can the valence shell hold
8 electrons
what does the period indicate in terms of electronic arrangements
no. of electron shells occupied
what does the group indicate in terms of electronic arrangements
no. of valence shell electrons
when and what group of atoms are stable
when their valent shell is fully occupied
group 8/0/noble gases are stable in nature
what rule does helium atom follow
duplet rule (valence shell is completely filled w 2 electrons)
what rule do noble gas atoms follow
octet rule, valence shell is completely filled w 8 electrons
what do atoms of element other than noble gases do and why
they bond to other atoms in order to gain the same arrangement of valence shell electrons as a noble gas atom bc that is a stable arrangement
number of what charges are the same as the group number of an atom
no. of +ive charges on a metal is the same as the group no. of the metal
no. of -ive charges on a non-metal equals 8-group number of the non-metal
what ions attract each other
oppositely charged ions
what is called an ionic bond
the strong non-directional electrostatic attraction between +ive and -ive ions is called an ionic bond
how is an ionic bond formed
by the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom (or group of atoms) to another
what is an ionic bond usually formed between
a metal and a non-metal
what ions attract what to form what
+ive ions attract -ive ions to form a regular crystalline structure/ giant ionic structure (lattice)
groups ? reactivity ? down the group
i / ii increases down the group
everything else decreases down the group
