Chem

Question 1

% composition

Answer 1

mass in 1 mole / molar mass

Question 2

4 examples of nucleophiles

Answer 2

Hydroxide
Ammonia
Water
Cyanide

Question 3

Are salts soluble or insoluble

Answer 3

Soluble

Question 4

4 examples of salts

Answer 4

nitrates
sulphates
phosphates
chlorides

Question 5

are bases soluble or insoluble

Answer 5

insoluble

Question 6

3 types of bases

Answer 6

carbonates
hydroxides
oxides

Question 7

what happens to s orbitals as energy levels increase

Answer 7

get larger

Question 8

test for carbonates

Answer 8

nitric acid - add until bubbling stops
limewater - goes cloudy

Question 9

test for sulfates

Answer 9

barium nitrate - forms white ppt

Question 10

test for halides

Answer 10

silver nitrate
Cl- white
Br- cream
I- yellow

Question 11

ammonium test

Answer 11

warm with dilute NaOH to produce ammonia
red litmus turns blue

Question 12

acid test

Answer 12

blue litmus turns red

Question 13

alkali test

Answer 13

red litmus turns blue

Question 14

no. particles

Answer 14

moles x avogadros

Question 15

salt def

Answer 15

H+ in an acid is replaces by an ion

Question 16

Silver ion

Answer 16

Ag+

Question 17

Zinc ion

Answer 17

Zn2+

Question 18

Lead ion

Answer 18

Pb2+

Question 19

what are the two non octet molecules

Answer 19

S8 P4

Question 20

What is Le Chatiliers principal

Answer 20

if dynamic equilibrium is disturbed the position of equilibrium shifts to counteract it

Question 21

cm3 to m3

Answer 21

cm / 1 000 000

Question 22

general formula for dienes

Answer 22

CnH2n-2

Question 23

what does IR radiation do to covalent bonds

Answer 23

makes them vibrate more

Question 24

nucleophile def

Answer 24

an electron pair accepter attracted to low electron density

Question 25

ionisation enthalpy def

Answer 25

the enthalpy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in gaseous form

Question 26

what happens to ionisation energy across the period

Answer 26

increases

Question 27

why does ionisation energy increase across the period (3)

Answer 27

atomic radius decreases nuclear charge increases nuclear attraction increases

Question 28

why does atomic radius decrease across the period (3)

Answer 28

nuclear charge increases electrons fed into same principal shell no increase in shielding

Question 29

what happens to ionisation energy down the group (4)

Answer 29

decreases: atomic radius increases shells increase increased shielding outer electron further away

Question 30

electronegativity def

Answer 30

the ability of an atom to withdraw an electron pair across a covalent bond

Question 31

ionic bonding def

Answer 31

the electrostatic attraction between a positive and negative ion

Question 32

aliphatic

Answer 32

branches or unbranched or non-aromatic rings

Question 33

alicyclic

Answer 33

rings with or without branches but non-aromatic

Question 34

aromatic

Answer 34

benzene rings

Question 35

sigma bond def

Answer 35

an overlap of orbitals directly between bonding atoms

Question 36

Pi bond

Answer 36

the sideways overlap of p orbitals above and below bonded atoms

Question 37

Standard conditions pressure temp conc

Answer 37

100kPa 298K 1 mol dm-3

Question 38

standard enthalpy change of reaction

Answer 38

the energy change associated with a stated equation with all reactants and products in their standard states

Question 39

st enthalpy change combustion

Answer 39

the enthalpy change taken place during the complete combustion of 1 mole of a substance under standard conditions

Question 40

st enthalpy change formation

Answer 40

the enthalpy change when 1 mole of a substance is formed from its elements under standard conditions

Question 41

st enthalpy change neutralisation

Answer 41

the enthalpy change that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of water from neutralisation under standard conditions

Question 42

2 bond pairs name angle

Answer 42

linear 180

Question 43

3 bond pairs name angle

Answer 43

trigonal planar 120

Question 44

2 bond pairs, 1 lone pairs name angle

Answer 44

non-linear 117.5

Question 45

4 bond pairs name angle

Answer 45

tetrahedral 109.5

Question 46

3 bond pairs, 1 lone pairs name angle

Answer 46

pyramidal 107

Question 47

2 bond pairs, 2 lone pairs name angle

Answer 47

non-linear 104.5

Question 48

5 bond pairs name angle

Answer 48

trigonal bipyramidal 90 120

Question 49

6 bond pairs name angle

Answer 49

octahedral 90

Question 50

4 bond pairs, 2 lone pairs name angle

Answer 50

square planar 90

Question 51

what can hydrogen bonds form between

Answer 51

O N F

Question 52

alkane to haloalkane

Answer 52

alkane + halogen UV

Question 53

alkene to alkane

Answer 53

alkene + H2 Ni catalyst 150'

Question 54

alkene to alcohol

Answer 54

alkene + water H3PO4 high temp and pressure

Question 55

haloalkane to alcohol

Answer 55

haloalkane + NaOH/water reflux

Question 56

alcohol to alkene

Answer 56

alcohol conc H2SO4 reflux

Question 57

1alcohol to aldehyde

Answer 57

alcohol + [O] acidified potassium dichromate distil

Question 58

1alcohol to carboxylic acid

Answer 58

alcohol + 2[O] acidified potassium dichromate reflux

Question 59

2 alcohol to ketone

Answer 59

alcohol + [O] acidified potassium dichromate reflux

Question 60

alcohol to ester

Answer 60

alcohol + carboxylic acid/conc H2SO4 reflux